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Copyright Office of the Unted States of America
2003
Circular 38a International Copyright Relations of the United States
GENERAL INFORMATION
This circular sets forth U.S. copyright relations of current interest with the other independent nations of the world. Each entry gives country name (and alternate name) and a statement of copyright relations. The following code is used:
BAC Party to the Buenos Aires Convention of 1910, as of the date given. U.S. ratification deposited with the Government of Argen tina, May 1, 1911 ; proclaimed by the Presi dent of the United States , July 13, 1914 .
Berne Party to the Berne Convention for the Pro tection of Literary and Artistic Works as of the date given. Appearing within parenthe ses is the latest Act1 of the Convention to which the country is party. The effective date for the United States is March 1, 1989 . The latest Act of the Convention, to which the United States is party, is the re-vision done at Paris on July 24, 1971 .
Bilateral Bilateral copyright relations with the United States by virtue of a proclamation or treaty, as of the date given. Where there is more than one proclamation or treaty, only the date of the first one is given.
None No copyright relations with the United States .
Phonograms Party to the Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms, Geneva , 1971, as of the date given. The effective date for the United States is March 10, 1974 .
SAT Party to the Convention Relating to the Distribution of P ROGRAMME -Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite, Brussels , 1974, as of the date given. The effective date for the United States is March 7, 1985 .
UCC Geneva Party to the Universal Copyright Convention, Geneva , 1952, as of the date given. The effective date for the United States is September 16, 1955 .
UCC Paris Party to the Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris , 1971, as of the date given. The effective date for the United States is July 10, 1974 .
Unclear Became independent since 1943. Has not established copyright relations with the United States , but may be honoring obligations incurred under former political status.
WCT Party to the World Intellectual Property Or ganization Copyright Treaty, Geneva , 1996, as of the date provided. The effective date for the United States is March 6, 2002 , the date the treaty entered into force.
WPPT Party to the World Intellectual Property Or ganization Performances and Phonograms Treaty, Geneva , 1996, as of the date provided. The effective date for the United States if may 20, 2002, the date the treaty entered into force.
WTO Member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), established pursuant to the Marrakesh Agreement of April 15, 1994 , to implement the Uruguay Round Agreements. These Agreements affect, among other things, intangible property rights, including copyright and other intellectual property rights. The effective date of United States membership in the WTO is January 1, 1995 . A country's membership in the WTO is effec tive as of the date indicated.
RELATIONS AS OF JANUARY 2003 |
|
|
Afghanistan |
Bahrain |
Bulgaria |
None |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Dec. 5, 1921 ( Paris ) 2 |
Albania |
Berne March 2, 1997 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva June 7, 1975 |
Berne March 6, 1994 ( Paris ) 1 |
Bangladesh |
UCC Paris June 7, 1975 |
WTO Sept. 8, 2000 |
UCC Geneva Aug. 5, 1975 |
Phonograms Sept. 6, 1995 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
UCC Paris Aug. 5, 1975 |
WTO Dec. 1, 1996 |
Algeria |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
UCC Geneva Aug. 28, 1973 |
Berne May 4, 1999 ( Paris ) |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Barbados |
Burkina Faso |
Berne April 19, 1998 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva June 18, 1983 |
Berne Aug. 19, 1963 ( Paris ) 2 |
Andorra |
UCC Paris June 18, 1983 |
Phonograms Jan. 30, 1988 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
Berne July 30, 1983 ( Paris ) 2 |
WTO June 3, 1995 |
Angola |
Phonograms July 29, 1983 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
WTO Nov. 23, 1996 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
Belarus 17 |
Burundi |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
WTO July 23, 1995 |
Berne March 17, 2000 ( Paris ) |
Berne Dec. 12, 1997 ( Paris ) |
Cambodia |
Argentina |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
Bilateral Aug. 23, 1934 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Cameroon |
BAC April 19, 1950 |
Belgium |
Berne Sept. 21, 1964 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva Feb. 13, 1958 |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva May 1, 1973 |
Berne June 10, 1967 ( Paris ) 2 |
Belize |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Phonograms June 30, 1973 3 |
UCC Geneva Dec. 1, 1982 |
WTO Dec. 13, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Canada |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne June 17, 2000 ( Paris ) |
Bilateral Jan. 1, 1924 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Benin |
Berne April 10, 1928 ( Paris ) 2 |
Armenia 17 |
Berne Jan. 3, 1961 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva Aug. 10, 1962 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
WTO Feb. 22, 1996 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
SAT Dec.13, 1993 |
Bhutan |
Cape Verde |
Berne Oct. 19, 2000 ( Paris ) |
None |
Berne July 7, 1997 ( Paris ) |
Australia |
Bolivia |
Central African Republic |
Bilateral March 15, 1918 |
BAC May 15, 1914 |
Berne Sept. 3, 1977 ( Paris ) 2 |
Berne April 14, 1928 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva March 22, 1990 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
UCC Geneva May 1, 1969 |
UCC Paris March 22, 1990 |
Chad |
Phonograms June 22, 1974 |
Berne Nov. 4, 1993 ( Paris ) |
Berne Nov. 25, 1971 ( Brussels ) 2 |
UCC Paris Feb. 28, 1978 |
WTO Sept. 12, 1995 |
WTO Oct. 19, 1996 |
SAT Oct. 26,1990 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Chile |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva May 11, 1966 |
Bilateral May 25, 1896 |
Austria |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
BAC June 14, 1955 |
Bilateral Sept. 20, 1907 |
Berne March 1, 1992 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
Berne Oct. 1, 1920 ( Paris ) 2 |
SAT March 6, 1992 |
Berne June 5, 1970 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva July 2, 1957 |
Botswana |
Phonograms March 24, 1977 |
SAT Aug. 6, 1982 4 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Paris Aug. 14, 1982 |
Berne April 15, 1998 ( Paris ) |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Phonograms Aug. 21, 1982 |
Brazil |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
BAC Aug. 31, 1915 |
China |
Azerbaijan 17 |
Berne Feb. 9, 1922 ( Paris ) 2 |
Bilateral Jan. 13, 1904 5 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
Bilateral April 2, 1957 |
Bilateral March 17, 1992 9 |
Berne June 4, 1999 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva Jan. 13, 1960 |
Berne Oct. 15, 1992 ( Paris ) |
Phonograms Sept. 1, 2001 |
Phonograms Nov. 28, 1975 |
UCC Geneva Oct. 30, 1992 |
Bahamas , The |
UCC Paris Dec. 11, 1975 |
UCC Paris Oct. 30, 1992 |
Berne July 10, 1973 ( Brussels ) |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms April 30, 1993 |
UCC Geneva Dec. 27, 1976 |
Brunei |
WTO Dec. 22, 2001 |
UCC Paris Dec. 27, 1976 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
|
Chinese Taipei |
Czech Republic |
Ethiopia |
WTO Jan. 1, 2002 |
UCC Geneva Jan. 6, 1960 |
None |
Colombia |
UCC Paris April 17, 1980 |
European Community |
BAC Dec. 23, 1936 |
Berne Jan. 1, 1993 ( Paris ) |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva June 18, 1976 |
Phonograms Jan. 1, 1993 |
Fiji |
UCC Paris June 18, 1976 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Dec.1, 1971 ( Brussels ) 2 |
Berne March 7, 1988 ( Paris ) 2 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
UCC Geneva March 13, 1972 |
Phonograms May 16, 1994 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Phonograms April. 18, 1973 3 |
WTO April 30, 1995 |
Denmark |
WTO Jan. 14, 1996 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Bilateral May 8, 1893 |
Finland |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Berne July 1, 1903 ( Paris ) 2 |
Berne April 1, 1928 ( Paris ) 2 |
Comoros |
UCC Geneva Feb. 9, 1962 |
Bilateral Jan. 1, 1929 |
Un cl ear |
Phonograms March 24, 1977 |
UCC Geneva April 16, 1963 |
Congo , Democratic Republic of |
UCC Paris July 11, 1979 |
Phonograms April 18, 1973 3 |
the |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Paris Nov. 1, 1986 |
Berne Oct. 8, 1963 ( Paris ) 2 |
Djibouti |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms Nov. 29, 1977 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
France |
WTO Jan. 1, 1997 |
Berne May 13, 2002 ( Paris ) |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 ( Paris ) 2 |
Congo , Republic of the |
Dominica |
Bilateral July 1, 1891 14 |
Berne May 8, 1962 ( Paris ) 2 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva Jan. 14, 1956 |
WTO March 27, 1997 |
Berne Aug. 7, 1999 ( Paris ) |
Phonograms April 18, 1973 3 |
Costa Rica 6 |
Dominican Republic 6 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Bilateral Oct. 19, 1899 |
BAC Oct. 31, 1912 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
BAC Nov. 30, 1916 |
UCC Geneva May 8, 1983 |
Gabon |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
UCC Paris May 8, 1983 |
Berne March 26, 1962 ( Paris ) 2 |
Berne June 10, 1978 ( Paris ) 2 |
WTO March 9, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Paris March 7, 1980 |
Berne Dec. 24, 1997 ( Paris ) |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Phonograms June 17, 1982 |
Ecuador |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
BAC Aug. 31, 1914 |
Gambia , The |
SAT June 25, 1999 |
UCC Geneva June 5, 1957 |
Berne March 7, 1993 ( Paris ) |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Phonograms Sept. 14, 1974 |
WTO Oct. 23, 1996 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
UCC Paris Sept. 6, 1991 |
Georgia 17 |
Cote d'Ivoire |
Berne Oct. 9, 1991 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
Berne Jan. 1, 1962 ( Paris ) 2 |
WTO Jan. 21, 1996 |
Berne May 16, 1995 ( Paris ) |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
WTO June 14, 2000 |
Croatia |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
UCC Geneva May 11, 1966 |
Egypt |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Berne June 7, 1977 ( Paris ) 2 |
Germany 10, 15 |
Berne Oct. 8, 1991 ( Paris ) 2 |
Phonograms April 23, 1978 |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 ( Paris ) 2, 7 |
SAT Oct. 8, 1991 |
WTO June 30, 1995 |
Bilateral April 15, 1892 |
Phonograms April 20, 2000 |
El Salvador |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
WTO Nov. 30, 2000 |
Bilateral June 30, 1908 , by virtue |
Bilateral July 12, 1967 15 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
of |
Phonograms May 18, 1974 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Mexico City Convention, 1902 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Cuba |
Phonograms Feb. 9, 1979 |
SAT Aug. 25, 1979 4 |
Bilateral Nov. 17, 1903 |
UCC Geneva March 29, 1979 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva June 18, 1957 |
UCC Paris March 29, 1979 |
Ghana |
WTO April 20, 1995 |
Berne Feb. 19, 1994 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva Aug. 22, 1962 |
Berne Feb. 20, 1997 ( Paris ) |
WTO May 7, 1995 |
Berne Oct. 11, 1991 ( Paris ) |
Cyprus |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Feb. 24, 1964 ( Paris ) 2 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Greece |
UCC Geneva Dec. 19, 1990 |
Equatorial Guinea |
Berne Nov. 9, 1920 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Paris Dec. 19,1990 |
Berne June 26, 1997 ( Paris ) |
Bilateral March 1, 1932 |
Phonograms Sept. 30, 1993 |
Estonia |
UCC Geneva Aug. 24, 1963 |
WTO July 30, 1995 |
Berne Oct. 26, 1994 ( Paris ) |
SAT Oct. 22, 1991 |
|
WTO Nov. 13, 1999 |
Phonograms Feb. 9, 1994 |
|
Phonograms May 28, 2000 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Grenada |
India |
Kazakhstan 17 |
WTO Feb. 22, 1996 |
Berne April 1, 1928 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
Berne Sept. 22, 1998 ( Paris ) |
Bilateral Aug. 15, 1947 |
Berne April 12, 1999 ( Paris ) |
Guatemala 6 |
UCC Geneva Jan. 21, 1958 |
Phonograms Aug. 3, 2001 |
BAC March 28, 1913 |
Phonograms Feb. 12, 1975 |
Kenya |
UCC Geneva Oct. 28, 1964 |
UCC Paris April 7, 1988 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 7, 1966 |
Phonograms Feb. 1, 1977 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
WTO July 21, 1995 |
Indonesia |
Phonograms April 21, 1976 |
Berne July 28, 1997 ( Paris ) |
Bilateral Aug. 1, 1989 |
SAT Aug. 25, 1979 4 |
WCT Feb. 4, 2003 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne June 11, 1993 ( Paris ) |
WPPT Jan. 8, 2003 |
Berne Sept. 5, 1997 ( Paris ) |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Guinea |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Kiribati |
Berne Nov. 20, 1980 ( Paris ) 2 |
Iran |
Un cl ear |
UCC Geneva Nov. 13, 1981 |
None |
Korea , North |
UCC Paris Nov. 13, 1981 |
Iraq |
Unclear |
WTO Oct. 25, 1995 |
None |
Korea , South |
WCT May 25, 2002 |
Ireland |
UCC Geneva Oct. 1, 1987 |
WPPT May 25, 2002 |
Berne Oct. 5, 1927 ( Brussels ) 2 |
UCC Paris Oct. 1, 1987 |
Guinea-Bissau |
Bilateral Oct. 1, 1929 |
Phonograms Oct. 10, 1987 |
Berne July 22, 1991 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva Jan. 20, 1959 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Aug. 21, 1996 ( Paris ) |
Guyana |
Israel |
Kuwait |
Berne Oct. 25, 1994 ( Paris ) |
Bilateral May 15, 1948 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne March 24, 1950 ( Brussels ) 2 |
Kyrgyz Republic 17 |
Haiti |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
BAC Nov. 27, 1919 |
Phonograms May 1, 1978 |
WTO Dec. 20, 1998 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
WTO April 21, 1995 |
Berne July 8, 1999 ( Paris ) |
Berne Jan. 11, 1996 ( Paris ) |
Italy |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 30, 1996 |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 ( Paris ) 2 |
WPPT Aug. 15, 2002 |
Honduras 6 |
Bilateral Oct. 31, 1892 |
Phonograms Oct. 12, 2002 |
BAC April 27, 1914 |
UCC Geneva Jan. 24, 1957 |
Laos |
Berne Jan. 25,1990 ( Paris ) |
Phonograms March 24, 1977 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
Phonograms March 6, 1990 |
UCC Paris Jan. 25, 1980 |
Latvia |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
SAT July 7, 1981 4 |
Berne Aug. 11, 1995 ( Paris ) |
WCT May 20, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms Aug. 23, 1997 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Jamaica |
WTO Feb. 10, 1999 |
Hong Kong 12 |
Berne Jan. 1, 1994 ( Paris ) |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms Jan. 11, 1994 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Berne July 1, 1997 ( Paris ) |
WTO March 9, 1995 |
Lebanon |
Phonograms July 1, 1997 |
SAT Jan. 12, 2000 |
Berne Sept. 30, 1947 ( Rome ) 2 |
Hungary |
WCT June 12, 2002 |
UCC Geneva Oct. 17, 1959 |
Bilateral Oct. 16, 1912 |
WPPT June 12, 2002 |
Lesotho |
Berne Feb. 14, 1922 ( Paris ) 2 |
Japan 8 |
Berne Sept. 28, 1989 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva Jan. 23, 1971 |
Berne July 15, 1899 ( Paris ) 2 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
UCC Geneva April 28, 1956 |
Liberia |
Phonograms May 28, 1975 |
UCC Paris Oct. 21, 1977 |
UCC Geneva July 27, 1956 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms Oct. 14, 1978 |
Berne March 8, 1989 ( Paris ) |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Libya |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne Sept. 28, 1976 ( Paris ) 2 |
Iceland |
WPPT Oct. 9, 2002 |
Liechtenstein |
Berne Sept. 7, 1947 ( Rome ) 2 |
Jordan |
Berne July 30, 1931 ( Paris ) 2 |
UCC Geneva Dec. 18, 1956 |
Berne July 28, 1999 ( Paris ) |
UCC Geneva Jan. 22, 1959 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO April 11, 2000 |
WTO Sept. 1, 1995 |
|
Bilateral Dec. 17, 2001 16 |
Phonograms Oct. 12, 1999 |
|
|
UCC Paris Nov. 11, 1999 |
Lithuania |
Mexico |
New Zealand |
Berne Dec. 14, 1994 ( Paris ) |
Bilateral Feb. 27, 1896 |
Bilateral Dec. 1, 1916 |
Phonograms Jan. 27, 2000 |
UCC Geneva May 12, 1957 |
Berne April 24, 1928 ( Rome ) 2 |
WTO May 31, 2001 |
BAC April 24, 1964 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 11, 1964 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne June 11, 1967 ( Pa ri s ) 2 |
Phonograms Aug. 13, 1976 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Phonograms Dec. 21, 1973 3 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Luxembourg |
UCC Pa ri s Oct. 31, 1975 |
Nicaragua 6 |
Berne June 20, 1888 ( Paris ) 2 |
SAT Aug. 25, 1979 4 |
BAC Dec. 15, 1913 |
Bilateral June 29, 1910 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva Aug. 16, 1961 |
UCC Geneva Oct. 15, 1955 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
SAT Aug. 25, 1979 4 |
Phonograms March 8, 1976 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WTO Sept. 3, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Moldova 17 |
Phonograms Aug. 10, 2000 |
Macau |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
Berne Aug. 23, 2000 (Paris) |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Nov. 2, 1995 (Pa ri s) |
WCT March 6, 2003 |
Berne Dec. 20, 1999 (Paris) |
Phonograms July 17, 2000 |
WPPT March 6, 2003 |
Macedonia |
WTO July 26, 2001 |
Niger |
Berne Sept. 8, 1991 (Paris) |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne May 2, 1962 (Paris) 2 |
SAT Nov. 17, 1991 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
UCC Geneva May 15, 1989 |
UCC Geneva July 30, 1997 |
Monaco |
UCC Paris May 15, 1989 |
UCC Paris July 30, 1997 |
Berne May 30, 1889 (Pa ri s) 2 |
WTO Dec. 13, 1996 |
Phonograms March 2, 1998 |
Bilateral Oct. 15, 1952 |
Nigeria |
Madagascar |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
UCC Geneva Feb. 14, 1962 |
Berne Jan. 1, 1966 (Brussels) 2 |
Phonograms Dec. 2, 1974 |
Berne Sept. 14, 1993 (Paris) |
WTO Nov. 17, 1995 |
UCC Pa ri s Dec. 13, 1974 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Malawi |
Mongolia |
Norway |
UCC Geneva Oct. 26, 1965 |
WTO Jan. 29, 1997 |
Berne April 13, 1896 (Paris) 2 |
Berne Oct. 12, 1991 (Paris) |
Berne March 12, 1998 (Pa ri s) |
Bilateral July 1, 1905 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
WCT Oct. 25, 2002 |
UCC Geneva Jan. 23, 1963 |
Malaysia |
WPPT Oct. 25, 2002 |
UCC Paris Aug. 7, 1974 |
Berne Oct. 1, 1990 (Paris) |
Morocco |
Phonograms Aug. 1, 1978 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne June 16, 1917 (Pa ri s) 2 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Maldives |
UCC Geneva May 8, 1972 |
Oman |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
UCC Pa ri s Jan. 28, 1976 |
Berne July 14, 1999 (Paris) |
Mali |
SAT June 30, 1983 4 |
WTO Nov. 9, 2000 |
Berne March 19, 1962 (Paris) 2 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Pakistan |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
Mozambique |
Berne July 5, 1948 (Rome) 2 |
WCT April 24, 2002 |
WTO Aug. 26, 1995 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Myanmar, Union of |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Malta |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Palau |
Berne Sept. 21, 1964 (Rome) 2 |
Namibia |
Un cl ear |
UCC Geneva Nov. 19, 1968 |
Berne March 21, 1990 (Pa ri s) |
Panama |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
BAC Nov. 25, 1913 |
Mauritania |
Nauru |
UCC Geneva Oct. 17, 1962 |
Berne Feb. 6, 1973 (Paris) 2 |
Unclear |
Phonograms June 29, 1974 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
Nepal |
UCC Paris Sept. 3, 1980 |
Mauritius |
None |
SAT Sept. 25, 1985 |
UCC Geneva March 12, 1968 |
Netherlands and Possessions |
Berne June 8, 1996 (Paris) |
Berne May 10, 1989 (Paris) |
Bilateral Nov. 20, 1899 |
WTO Sept. 6, 1997 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Nov. 1, 1912 (Pa ri s) 2 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
|
UCC Geneva June 22, 1967 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
|
UCC Pa ri s Nov. 30, 1985 |
Papua New Guinea |
|
Phonograms Oct. 12, 1993 |
WTO June 9, 1996 |
|
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
|
Paraguay |
Rwanda |
Slovenia |
BAC Sept. 20, 1917 |
Berne March 1, 1984 (Paris) 2 |
UCC Geneva May 11, 1966 |
UCC Geneva March 11, 1962 |
UCC Geneva Nov. 10, 1989 |
UCC Pa ri s July 10, 1974 |
Phonograms Feb. 13, 1979 |
UCC Paris Nov. 10, 1989 |
Berne June 25, 1991 (Pa ri s) 2 |
Berne Jan. 2, 1992 (Paris) |
WTO May 22, 1996 |
SAT June 25, 1991 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
St. Kitts and Nevis |
WTO July 30, 1995 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne April 9, 1995 (Paris) 2 |
Phonograms Oct. 15, 1996 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WTO Feb. 21, 1996 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Peru |
Saint Lucia |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
BAC April 30, 1920 |
Berne Aug. 24, 1993 (Paris) 2 |
Solomon Islands |
UCC Geneva Oct. 16, 1963 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO July 26, 1996 |
UCC Paris July 22, 1985 |
Phonograms April 2, 2001 |
Somalia |
SAT Aug. 7, 1985 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Un cl ear |
Phonograms Aug. 24, 1985 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
South Africa |
Berne Aug. 20, 1988 (Paris) 2 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Bilateral July 1, 1924 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva April 22, 1985 |
Berne Oct. 3, 1928 (Brussels) 2 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
UCC Paris April 22, 1985 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WPPT July 18, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Spain |
Philippines |
Berne Aug. 29, 1995 (Paris) |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 (Pa ri s) 2 |
Bilateral Oct. 21, 1948 |
San Marino |
Bilateral July 10, 1895 |
Berne Aug. 1, 1951 (Paris) 2 |
None |
UCC Geneva Sept. 16, 1955 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
S a o Tom e and Principe |
UCC Pa ri s July 10, 1974 |
WCT Oct. 4, 2002 |
Unclear |
Phonograms Aug. 24, 1974 |
WPPT Oct. 4, 2002 |
Saudi Arabia |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Poland |
UCC Geneva July 13, 1994 |
Sri Lanka |
Berne Jan. 28, 1920 (Paris) 2 |
UCC Paris July 13, 1994 |
Berne July 20, 1959 (Rome) 2 |
Bilateral Feb. 16, 1927 |
Senegal |
UCC Geneva Jan. 25, 1984 |
UCC Geneva March 9, 1977 |
Berne Aug. 25, 1962 (Paris) 2 |
UCC Pa ri s Jan. 25, 1984 |
UCC Paris March 9, 1977 |
UCC Geneva July 9, 1974 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO July 1, 1995 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Sudan |
Portugal |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Dec. 28, 2000 (Pa ri s) |
Bilateral July 20, 1893 |
WCT May 18, 2002 |
Suriname |
Berne March 29, 1911 (Paris) 2 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Berne Feb. 23, 1977 (Pa ri s) 2 |
UCC Geneva Dec. 25, 1956 |
Serbia and Montenegro |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Paris July 30, 1981 |
Berne June 17, 1930 (Paris) 2 |
Swaziland |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
UCC Geneva May 11, 1966 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
SAT March 11, 1996 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
Berne Dec. 14, 1998 (Pa ri s) |
Qatar |
SAT Aug. 25, 1979 4 |
Sweden |
WTO Jan. 13, 1996 |
Seychelles |
Berne Aug. 1, 1904 (Pa ri s) 2 |
Berne July 5, 2000 (Paris) |
Unclear |
Bilateral June 1, 1911 |
Romania |
Sierra Leone |
UCC Geneva July 1, 1961 |
Berne Jan. 1, 1927 (Paris) 2 |
WTO July 23, 1995 |
Phonograms April 18, 1973 3 |
Bilateral May 14, 1928 |
Singapore |
UCC Pa ri s July 10, 1974 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Bilateral May 18, 1987 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms Oct. 1, 1998 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Switzerland |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne Dec. 21, 1998 (Paris) |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 (Pa ri s) 2 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Slovakia |
Bilateral July 1, 1891 14 |
Russia 17 |
UCC Geneva Jan. 6, 1960 |
UCC Geneva March 30, 1956 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
UCC Paris April 17, 1980 |
UCC Pa ri s Sept. 21, 1993 |
SAT Dec. 25, 1991 |
Berne Jan. 1, 1993 (Paris) 2 |
SAT Sept. 24, 1993 |
UCC Paris March 9, 1995 |
Phonograms Jan. 1, 1993 |
Phonograms Sept. 30, 1993 |
Berne March 13, 1995 (Paris) |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO July 1, 1995 |
Phonograms March 13, 1995 |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Syria |
|
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
Unclear |
Tajikistan 17 |
Turkmenistan 17 |
Vanuatu |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
Un cl ear |
Berne March 9, 2000 (Paris) |
Tuvalu |
Vatican City |
Tanzania |
Unclear |
Berne Sept. 12, 1935 (Pa ri s) 2 |
Berne July 25, 1994 (Paris) |
Uganda |
UCC Geneva Oct. 5, 1955 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms July 18, 1977 |
Thailand |
Ukraine 17 |
UCC Pa ri s May 6, 1980 |
Bilateral Sept. 1, 1921 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
Venezuela |
Berne July 17, 1931 (Paris) 2 |
Berne Oct. 25, 1995 (Paris) |
UCC Geneva Sept. 30, 1966 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Phonograms Feb. 18, 2000 |
Phonograms Nov. 18, 1982 |
Togo |
WCT March 6, 2002 |
Berne Dec. 30, 1982 (Pa ri s) 2 |
Berne April 30, 1975 (Paris) 2 |
WPPT May 20, 2002 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
WTO May 31, 1995 |
United Arab Emirates |
UCC Pa ri s Feb. 11, 1997 |
Tonga |
WTO April 10, 1996 |
Vietnam |
Berne June 14, 2001 (Paris) |
United Kingdom |
Bilateral Dec. 23, 1998 13 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 (Paris) 2 |
Bilateral Dec. 10, 2001 |
Berne Aug. 16, 1988 (Paris) 2 |
Bilateral July 1, 1891 14 |
Yemen |
UCC Geneva Aug. 19, 1988 |
UCC Geneva Sept. 27, 1957 |
(Unclear) |
UCC Paris Aug. 19, 1988 |
Phonograms April 18, 1973 3 |
Zambia |
Phonograms Oct. 1, 1988 |
UCC Paris July 10, 1974 |
UCC Geneva June 1, 1965 |
WTO March 1, 1995 |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Berne Jan. 2, 1992 (Pa ri s) 2 |
SAT Nov. 1, 1996 |
Uruguay |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
Tunisia |
BAC Dec. 17, 1919 |
Zimbabwe |
Berne Dec. 5, 1887 (Paris) 2 |
Berne July 10, 1967 (Paris) 2 |
Berne April 18, 1980 (Rome) 2 |
UCC Geneva June 19, 1969 |
Phonograms Jan. 18, 1983 |
WTO March 5, 1995 |
UCC Paris June 10, 1975 |
UCC Geneva April 12, 1993 |
|
WTO March 29, 1995 |
UCC Paris April 12, 1993 |
|
Turkey |
WTO Jan. 1, 1995 |
|
Berne Jan. 1, 1952 (Paris) 2 |
Uzbekistan 17 |
|
WTO March 26, 1995 |
UCC Geneva May 27, 1973 |
|
STATUTORY PROVISIONS
Reprinted below is section 104 of title 17 of the United States Code, as of March 1, 2003 .
§ 104. Subject matter of copyright: National origin
• Unpublished Works.-The works specified by sections 102 and 103, while unpublished, are subject to protection under this title without regard to the nationality or domicile of the author.
• Published Works. The works specified by sections 102 and 103, when published, are subject to protection under this title if-
• on the date of first publication, one or more of the authors is a national or domiciliary of the United States, or is a national, domiciliary, or sovereign authority of a treaty party, or is a stateless person, wherever that person may be domiciled; or
• the work is first published in the United States or in a foreign nation that, on the date of first publication, is a treaty party; or
• the work is a sound recording that was first fixed in a treaty party; or
• the work is a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is incorporated in a building or other structure, or an architectural work th at is embodied in a building and th e building or struc ture is located in th e United States or a treaty party; or
• the work is first published by the United Nations or any of its specialized agencies, or by the Organization of American States; or
• the work comes within the scope of a Presidential proclamation. Whenever the President finds that a particular foreign nation extends, to works by authors who are nationals or domiciliaries of the United States or to works that are first published in the United States, copyright protection on substantially the same basis as that on which the foreign nation extends protection to works of its own nationals and domiciliaries and works first published in that nation, the President may by proclamation extend protection under this title to works of which one or more of the authors is, on the date of first publicati on, a national, domiciliary , or sovereign authority of that nation, or which was first published in that nation. The President may revise, suspend, or revoke any such proclamation or impose any conditions or limitations on protection under a proclamation.
For purposes of paragraph (2), a work that is published in the United States or a treaty party within 30 days after publication in a foreign nation that is not a treaty party shall be considered to be first published in the United States or such treaty party, as the case may be.
• Effect of Berne Convention. No right or interest in a work eligible for protection under this title may be claimed by virtue of, or in reliance upon, the provisions of the Berne Convention, or the adherence of the United States thereto. Any rights in a work eligible for protection under this title that derive from this title, other Federal or State statutes, or the common law, shall not be expanded or reduced by virtue of, or in reliance upon, the provisions of the Berne Convention, or the adherence of the United States thereto.
• Effect of Phonograms Treaties.-Notwithstanding the provision