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Federal Aviation Adminsitration
1999
RECREATIONAL PILOT AND PRIVATE PILOT KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE

<Image: Drawing of plane flying over a farm>

<Image:U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration >

PREFACE

FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, provides information for obtaining authorization to take the recreational pilot or private pilot knowledge tests. Appendix 1 provides lists of reference materials and subject matter knowledge codes, and a list of computer testing designees (CTD's).

Changes to the subject matter knowledge codes will be published in AC 60-25, Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes for Airman Knowledge Testing.

The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material, questions banks, and subject matter knowledge codes for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from the Regulatory Support Division, AFS-600, home page on the Internet.

The Regulatory Support Division's Internet address is: http://www.mmac.jccbi.gov/afs/afs600

FAA-G-8082-17 supersedes Advisory Circular (AC) 61-117, dated 1995, and can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from U.S. Government Bookstores located in major cities throughout the United States. For an explanation of why the Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide was taken out of the AC system, refer to AC 60-29, Renumbering of Airman Training and Testing Publications.

Comments regarding this guide should be sent to the Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, Attn: Private Pilot Certification Area Manager, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.

CONTENTS

Preface .............................................................................................................................................. iii

Contents ............................................................................................................................................ v

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Knowledge Test Eligibility Requirements ............................................................................................. 1

Knowledge Areas on the Tests ........................................................................................................... 1

Descriptions of the Tests .................................................................................................................... 1

Process for Taking a Knowledge Test .................................................................................................. 2

Use of Test Aids and Materials ........................................................................................................... 3

Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct ............................................................................................. 4

Validity of Airman Test Reports .......................................................................................................... 4

Retesting Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 4

Sample Test Questions and Answers:

Recreational Pilot—Airplane (RPA) .................................................................................................... 5

Recreational Pilot—Rotorcraft/Helicopter (RPH) .................................................................................. 6

Recreational Pilot—Rotorcraft/Gyroplane (RPG) ................................................................................. 7

Private Pilot—Airplane/Recreational Pilot–Transition (PAT) ................................................................ 8

Private Pilot—Helicopter/Recreational Pilot–Transition (PHT) ............................................................. 9

Private Pilot—Gyroplane/Recreational Pilot—Transition (PGT) .......................................................... 10

Private Pilot—Airplane (PAR) .......................................................................................................... 11

Private Pilot—Rotorcraft/Helicopter (PRH) ....................................................................................... 12

Private Pilot—Rotorcraft/Gyroplane (PRG) ....................................................................................... 13

Private Pilot—Glider (PGL) .............................................................................................................. 14

Private Pilot—Balloon–Hot Air (PBH) .............................................................................................. 15

Private Pilot—Balloon–Gas (PBG) .................................................................................................... 16

Private Pilot—Lighter -Than-Air–Airship (PLA) ................................................................................ 17

APPENDIX 1

List of Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes ................................................... 1-1

Computer Testing Designees ........................................................................................................... 1-5

APPENDIX 2

FIGURE 1.—Time Conversion Table .................................................................................................. 2-1

FIGURE 2.—Gyroplane Rotor Blade Position ...................................................................................... 2-2

FIGURE 3.—VOR ............................................................................................................................ 2-3

RECREATIONAL PILOT AND PRIVATE PILOT
KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE

INTRODUCTION

What is required to become a skilled and effective recreational pilot or private pilot? Although some individuals possess more knowledge and skills than others, no one is a natural-born pilot. Competent pilots become so through study, training, and experience.

This knowledge test guide will answer most of your questions about taking a recreational pilot or private pilot knowledge test by covering the following areas: knowledge test eligibility requirements; knowledge areas on the tests; descriptions of the tests; process for taking a knowledge test; use of test aids and materials; cheating or other unauthorized conduct; validity of Airman Test Reports; and retesting procedures.

This guide will help in preparing you to take one or all of the following tests.

•  Recreational Pilot—Airplane

•  Recreational Pilot—Rotorcraft/Helicopter

•  Recreational Pilot—Rotorcraft/Gyroplane

•  Private Pilot—Airplane/Recreational Pilot–Transition

•  Private Pilot—Helicopter/Recreational Pilot–Transition

•  Private Pilot—Gyroplane/Recreational Pilot–Transition

•  Private Pilot—Airplane

•  Private Pilot—Rotorcraft/Helicopter

•  Private Pilot—Rotorcraft/Gyroplane

•  Private Pilot—Glider

•  Private Pilot—Balloon–Hot Air

•  Private Pilot—Balloon–Gas

•  Private Pilot—Lighter-Than-Air–Airship

This guide is not offered as an easy way to obtain the necessary information for passing the knowledge tests. Rather, the intent of this guide is to define and narrow the field of study to the required knowledge areas included in the tests.

KNOWLEDGE TEST ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
If you are pursuing a recreational pilot or private pilot certificate, you should review: Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61, section 61.23, Medical Certificates: Requirements and Duration; 14 CFR section 61.35, Knowledge Test: Prerequisites and Passing Grades; and 14 CFR section 61.83, Eligibility Requirements for Student Pilot, for detailed information pertaining to prerequisites and eligibility.

If you are pursuing a recreational pilot certificate, you should review 14 CFR section 61.96, Applicability and Eligibility Requirements: General, for additional detailed information pertaining to eligibility.

If you are pursuing a private pilot certificate, you should review 14 CFR section 61.103, Eligibility Requirements: General, for additional detailed information pertaining to eligibility.

KNOWLEDGE AREAS ON THE TESTS

Recreational pilot and private pilot tests are comprehensive because they must test your knowledge in many subject areas.

If you are pursuing a recreational pilot certificate or added rating, you should review 14 CFR section 61.97, Aeronautical Knowledge, for the knowledge areas on the tests.

If you are pursuing a private pilot certificate or added rating, you should review 14 CFR section 61.105, Aeronautical Knowledge, for the knowledge areas on the tests.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TESTS

All test questions are the objective, multiple-choice type. Each question can be answered by the selection of a single response. Each test question is independent of other questions; therefore, a correct response to one does not depend upon, or influence, the correct response to another.

The following tests each contain 50 questions, and you are allowed 2 hours to complete each test.

•  Recreational Pilot—Airplane

•  Recreational Pilot—Rotorcraft/Helicopter

•  Recreational Pilot—Rotorcraft/Gyroplane

The following tests each contain 30 questions, and you are allowed 1.5 hours to complete each test.

•  Private Pilot—Airplane/Recreational

Pilot–Transition

•  Private Pilot—Helicopter/Recreational

Pilot–Transition

•  Private Pilot—Gyroplane/Recreational

Pilot–Transition

The following tests each contain 60 questions, and you are allowed 2.5 hours to complete each test.

•  Private Pilot—Airplane

•  Private Pilot—Rotorcraft/Helicopter

•  Private Pilot—Rotorcraft/Gyroplane

•  Private Pilot—Glider

•  Private Pilot—Balloon–Hot Air

•  Private Pilot—Balloon–Gas

•  Private Pilot—Lighter-Than-Air–Airship

Communication between individuals through the use of words is a complicated process. In addition to being an exercise in the application and use of aeronautical knowledge, a knowledge test is also an exercise in communication since it involves the use of the written language. Since the tests involve written rather than spoken words, communication between the test writer and the person being tested may become a difficult matter if care is not exercised by both parties. Consequently, considerable effort is expended to write each question in a clear, precise manner. Make sure you carefully read the instructions given with each test, as well as the statements in each test item.

When taking a test, keep the following points in mind:

Answer each question in accordance with the latest regulations and guidance publications.

Read each question carefully before looking at the possible answers. You should clearly understand the problem before attempting to solve it.

After formulating an answer, determine which choice corresponds with that answer. The answer chosen should completely resolve the problem.

From the answers given, it may appear that there is more than one possible answer; however, there is only one answer that is correct and complete. The other answers are either incomplete, erroneous, or represent common misconceptions.

If a certain question is difficult for you, it is best to mark it for review and proceed to the next question. After you answer the less difficult questions, return to those which you marked for review and answer them. The review marking procedure will be explained to you prior to starting the test. Although the computer should alert you to unanswered questions, make sure every question has an answer recorded. This procedure will enable you to use the available time to maximum advantage.

When solving a calculation problem, select the answer closest to your solution. The problem has been checked with various types of calculators; therefore, if you have solved it correctly, your answer will be closer to the correct answer than any of the other choices.

PROCESS FOR TAKING A KNOWLEDGE TEST

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has available hundreds of computer testing centers worldwide. These testing centers offer the full range of airman knowledge tests including military competence, instrument foreign pilot, and pilot examiner predesignated tests. Refer to appendix 1 of this guide for a list of computer testing designees (CTD's).

The first step in taking a knowledge test is the registration process. You may either call the central 1-800 numbers (refer to appendix 1 for 1-800 numbers) or simply use the walk-in basis. If you choose to use the 1-800 number to register, you will need to select a testing center, schedule a test date, and make financial arrangements for test payment. You may register for tests several weeks in advance, and you may cancel your appointment according to the CTD's cancellation policy. If you do not follow the CTD's cancellation policies, you could be subject to a cancellation fee.

The next step in taking a knowledge test is providing proper identification. You should determine what knowledge test prerequisites a re necessary bef o re going to the computer testing center. Your instructor or local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) c an assist you with what documentation to take to the testing facility. Testing center personnel will not begin the test until your identification is verified. A limited number of tests do not require authorization.

Acceptable forms of authorization:

A certificate of graduation or a statement of accomplishment certifying the satisfactory completion of the ground school portion of a course fr om an FAA- certificated pilot school.

A certificate of graduation or a statement of accomplishment certifying the satisfactory completion of the ground school portion of a course fr om an agency such as a high school, college, adult education program, U.S. Armed Force, ROTC Flight Training School, or Civil Air Patrol.

A written statement or logbook endorsement fr om an authorized instructor ce rt ifying that you have accomplished a ground training or home study course required for the rating sought an d you are prepared for the knowledge test.

Failed Airman Test Report , passing Airman Test Report , or expired Airman Test Report (pass or fail), provided that you still have the original Airm an Test Report in your possession.

Before you take the actual test, you will have the option to take a sample test. The actual test is time limited; however, you should have sufficient time to complete and review your test.

Upon completion of the knowledge test, you will receive your Airm an Test Repo rt , with the testing center's embossed seal, which reflects your score.

The Airman Test Report lists the subject matter knowledge codes for questions answered incorrectly. The total number of subject matter knowledge codes shown on the Airman Test Report is not necessarily an indication of the total number of questions answered incorrectly. Appendix 1 contains a list of subject matter knowledge codes that refer to the knowledge areas. Study these knowledge areas to improve your understanding of the subject matter.

Your instructor is requi re d to provide instruction on each of the knowledge areas listed on your Air man Test

Report and to complete an endorsement of this instruction. The Air m an Test Rep o rt must be presented to the examiner p ri or to taking the practical test. D u ri ng the oral po rt ion of the practical test, the examiner is required to evaluate the noted areas of deficiency.

Should you require a duplicate Air m an Test Rep o rt due to loss or destruction of the o ri ginal, send a signed request accompanied by a check or money order for $1 payable to the FAA. Your request should be sent to the Federal Aviation Administration, Airmen Certification Br an ch, AFS-760, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.

USE OF TEST AIDS AND MATERIALS

Air m an knowledge tests re qu i re appli c an ts to an alyze the relationship between va ri ables needed to solve aviation problems, in addition to testing for accuracy of a mathematical calculation. The intent is that all applicants are tested on concepts rather than rote calculation ability. It is permissible to use ce rt ain calculating devices when taking air m an knowledge tests, provided they a re used within the following guidelines. The term “calculating devices” is interchangeable with such items as calculators, computers, or any similar devices designed for aviation-related activities.

Guidelines for use of test aids an d mate ri als. The applicant may use test aids an d mate ri als within the guidelines listed below, if actual test questions or an swers are not re vealed.

Applicants may use test aids, such as scales, straightedges, protractors, plo tt ers, navigation computers, log sheets, and all models of aviation-o ri ented calculating devices that are directly re lated to the test. In addition, applicants may use any test mate ri als provided with the test.

Manufacturer's permanently inscribed instructions on the fr ont an d back of such aids listed in 1(a), e.g., formulas, conversions, regulations, signals, weather data, holding pa tt e rn diagrams, fr equencies, weight and balance formulas, an d air traffic control procedures are permissible.

The test proctor may provide calculating devices to applicants and deny them use of their personal calculating devices if the applicant's device does not have a screen that indicates all memory has been erased. The test proctor must be able to determine the calculating device's erasure capability. The use of calculating devices incorporating permanent or continuous type memory circuits without erasure capability are prohibited.

The use of magnetic cards, magnetic tapes, modules, computer chips, or any other device upon which prewritten programs or information related to the test can be stored and retrieved are prohibited. Printouts of data will be surrendered at the completion of the test if the calculating device used incorporates this design feature.

The use of any booklet or manual containing instructions related to the use of the applicant's calculating device is not permitted.

Dictionaries are not allowed in the testing area. The test proctor makes the final determination relating to test materials and personal possessions that the applicant may take into the testing area.

2. Guidelines for dyslexic applicant's use of test aids and materials. A dyslexic applicant may request approval from the local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) to take an airman knowledge test using one of the three options listed in preferential order:

Option One. Use current testing facilities and procedures whenever possible.

Option Two. Applicants may use Franklin Speaking Wordmaster ® to facilitate the testing process. The Wordmaster ® is a self-contained electronic thesaurus that audibly pronounces typed in words and presents them on a display screen. It has a built-in headphone jack for private listening. The headphone feature will be used during testing to avoid disturbing others.

Option Three. Applicants who do not choose to use the first or second option may request a test proctor of assist in reading specific words or terms from the test questions and supplement material. In the interest of preventing compromise of the testing process, the test proctor should be someone who is non-aviation oriented. The test proctor will provide reading assistance only, with no explanation of words or terms. The Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, will assist in the selection of a test site and test proctor.

CHEATING OR OTHER UNAUTHORIZED CONDUCT
Computer testing centers must follow strict security procedures to avoid test compromise. These procedures are established by the FAA and are covered in FAA Order 8080.6, Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests. The FAA has directed testing centers to terminate a test at any time a test proctor suspects a cheating incident has occurred. An FAA investigation will then be conducted. If the investigation determines that cheating or unauthorized conduct has occurred, then any airman certificate or rating that you hold may be revoked, and you will be prohibited for 1 year from applying for or taking any test for a certificate or rating under 14 CFR part 61.

VALIDITY OF AIRMAN TEST REPORTS
Airman Test Reports are valid for the 24-calendar month period preceding the month you complete the practical test. If the Airman Test Report expires before completion of the practical test, you must retake the knowledge test.

RETESTING PROCEDURES

If you receive a grade lower than a 70 percent and wish to retest, you must present the following to testing center personnel.

failed Airman Test Report; and

a written endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that additional instruction has been given, and the instructor finds you competent to pass the test.

If you decide to retake the test in anticipation of a better score, you may retake the test after 30 days from the date your last test was taken. The FAA will not allow you to retake a passed test before the 30-day period has lapsed. Prior to retesting, you must give your current Airman Test Report to the test proctor. The last test taken will reflect the official score.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RECREATIONAL PILOT—AIRPLANE (RPA)

A recreational pilot acting as pilot in command must have in his/her personal possession while aboard the aircraft

A—a current logbook endorsement to show that a flight review has been satisfactorily accomplished. B—the current and appropriate pilot and medical certificates.

C—the pilot logbook to show recent experience requirements to serve as pilot in comm an d have been met.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: A29.

One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to

A—decrease the an gle of descent without increasing the airspeed.

B—permit a touchdown at a higher indicated airspeed. C—increase the an gle of descent without increasing the airspeed.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H305.

A temperature inversion would most likely result in which weather condition?

A—Clouds with extensive vert ical development above an inversion aloft.

B—Good visibility in the lower levels of the atmosphere and poor visibility above an inversion aloft.

C—An increase in temperature as altitude is increased.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I21.

When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should

A—identify themselves as pilots.

B—tell the number of hours they have flown within the p re ceding 90 days.

C—state the number of occupants on board an d the color of the aircraft.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H320.

What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?

A—Reduce rate of climb an d increase airspeed. B—Reduce climb speed an d increase RPM. C—Increase climb speed an d increase RPM.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H307.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RECREATIONAL PILOT—ROTORCRAFT/HELICOPTER (RPH)

What exception, if any, permits a recreational pilot to act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying a passenger for hire?

A—If the passenger pays no more than the operating expenses.

B—If a donation is made to a charitable organization for the flight.

C—There is no exception.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: A29.

The lift differential that exists between the advancing main rotor blade and the retreating main rotor blade is known as

A—transverse flow effect. B—dissymmetry of lift. C—hunting tendency.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H71.

The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the

A—dewpoint. B—air temperature. C—stability of the air.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I24.

When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state the

A—full name an d address of the pilot in command. B—intended route, destination, and type of aircraft. C—radio fr equencies to be used.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H320.

What action should the pilot take if engine failure occurs at altitude?

A—Open the throttle as the collective pitch is raised. B—Reduce cyclic back stick pressure during turns. C—Lower the collective pitch control, as necessary, to maintain rotor RPM.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H80.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—AIRPLANE/RECREATIONAL PILOT–TRANSITION (PAT)

In addition to other preflight actions for a VFR flight away from the vicinity of the departure airport, regulations specifically require the pilot in command to

A—review traffic control light signal procedures. B—check the accuracy of the navigation equipment and the emergency locator transmitter (ELT). C—determine runway lengths at airports of intended use and the aircraft's takeoff and landing distance data.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B07.

While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?

A—The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean. B—There will be more fuel in the cylinders than is

needed for normal combustion, and the excess fuel will absorb heat and cool the engine.

C—The excessively rich mixture will create higher cylinder head temperatures and may cause detonation.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H307.

If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter set ti ng being adjusted, the altimeter wi ll indicate

A—the actual altitude above sea level.

B—higher th an the actual altitude above sea level. C—lower th an the actual altitude above sea level.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I22.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 1.)An aircraft departs an airport in the eastern daylight time zone at 0945 EDT for a 2-hour flight to an airport located in the centeral daylight time zone. The landing should be at what coordinated universal time?

A—1345Z. B—1445Z. C—1545Z.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H340.

How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?

A—The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge an d the propeller control regulates engine RPM.

B—The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge an d the propeller control regulates a const an t blade an gle.

C—The throttle controls engine RPM as re gistered on the tachometer an d the mixture control regulates the power output.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H308.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PRIVATE PILOT—HELICOPTER/RECREATIONAL PILOT–TRANSITION
(PHT)

Under what conditions, if any, may a private pilot operate a helicopter under special VFR at night within Class D airspace?

A—The helicopter must be fully instrument equipped an d the pilot must be instrument rated.

B—The flight visibility must be at le as t 1 mile. C—There are no conditions; regulations permit this.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B09.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 2.) During flight, if cyclic control pressure is applied which results in a maximum increase in pitch angle of the rotor blade at position A, the rotor disc will tilt

A—forward. B—aft. C—left.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H71.

One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying across a front is a change in the

A—wind direction. B—type of precipitation. C—stability of the air mass.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I27.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 1.) An aircraft departs an airport in the central standard time zone at 0845 CST for a 2-hour flight to an airport located in the mountain standard time zone. The landing should be at what coordinated universal time?

A—1345Z. B—1445Z. C—1645Z.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H340.

Which initial action should a pilot take prior to entering Class C airspace?

A—Contact approach control on the appropriate fr equency.

B—Contact the tower an d request permission to enter. C—Contact the FSS for traffic adviso ri es.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: J11.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—GYROPLANE/RECREATIONAL PILOT–TRANSITION (PGT)

Except in Alaska , during what time period should lighted position lights be displayed on an aircraft?

A—End of evening civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight.

B—1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sun ri se. C—Sunset to sun ri se.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B11.

If the pilot experiences ground resonance during rotor spin-up, what action should the pilot take?

A—Taxi to a smooth area.

B—Close the throttle and slowly raise the spin-up lever. C—Make a normal takeoff immediately.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H709.

Individual forecasts for specific routes of flight can be obtained from which weather source?

A—Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB's). B—Terminal Forecasts. C—Area Forecasts.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I40.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 1.)An aircraft departs an airport in the Pacific standard time zone at 1030 PST for a 4-hour flight to an airport located in the central standard time zone. The landing should be at what coordinated universal time?

A—2030Z. B—2130Z. C—2230Z.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H340.

When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to

A—rise from a crossing runway into the takeoff or landing path.

B—rise into the traffic pattern area surrounding the airport.

C—sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: J27.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—AIRPLANE (PAR)

The three takeoffs and landings that are required to act as pilot in command at night must be done during the time period from

A—sunset to sunrise.

B—1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sun ri se. C—the end of evening civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: A20.

In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?

A—Low airspeed, high power, high an gle of attack. B—Low airspeed, low power, low an gle of attack. C—High airspeed, high power, high an gle of attack.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H300.

The wind at 5,000 feet AGL is southwesterly while the surface wind is southerly.This difference in direction is primarily due to

A—stronger pressure gradient at higher altitudes. B—friction between the wind an d the surface. C—stronger Coriolis force at the surface.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I23.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 3, illustration1.) The VOR receiver has the indications shown.What is the aircraft's position relative to the station?

  A—North. B—East. C—South.

  Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H348.

  The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during nighttime hours is to use

A—regularly spaced concentration on the 3-, 9-, an d 12-o'clock positions.

B—a series of short , regularly spaced eye movements to search each 30-degree sector.

C—peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing offcenter viewing.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H63.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—ROTORCRAFT/HELICOPTER (PRH)

No person may begin a flight in a rotorcraft under VFR unless there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly thereafter for at least

A—20 minutes. B—30 minutes. C—1 hour.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B09.

During forward cruising flight at constant airspeed and altitude, the individual rotor blades, when compared to each other, are operating

A—with increased lift on the retreating blade. B—with a decreasing an gle of attack on the ad v an cing blade.

C—at unequal airspeed, unequal an gles of attack, and equal lift moment.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H71.

Which conditions result in the formation of frost?

A—The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing when small droplets of moisture fall on the surface.

B—The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing.

C—The temperature of the surrounding air is at or below freezing when small drops of moisture fall on the collecting surface.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I24.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 3, i ll ustration 3.) The VOR receiver has the indications shown.What is the aircraft's position relative to the station?

A—East. B—Southeast. C—West.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H348.

Under what condition, if any, may pilots fly through a restricted area?

A—When flying on airways with an ATC clearance. B—With the controlling agency's authorization. C—Regulations do not allow this.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: J09.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—ROTORCRAFT/GYROPLANE (PRG)

A special VFR clearance authorizes the pilot of an aircraft to operate VFR while within Class D airspace when the visibility is

A—less th an 1 mile an d the ceiling is less th an 1,000 feet.

B—at least 1 mile an d the aircraft c an remain clear of clouds.

C—at least 3 miles an d the aircraft can remain clear of clouds.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B09.

•  High airspeeds, particularly in turbulent air, should be avoided primarily because of the possibility of

A—an abrupt pitchup. B—retreating blade stall. C—a low- fr equency vibration developing.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H78.

What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?

A—Atmospheric pressure. B—Actual lapse rate. C—Surface temperature.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I25.

(Refer to appendix 2, figure 3, i ll ustration 8.)The VOR receiver has the indications shown.What radial is the aircraft crossing?

A—030. B—210. C—300. 

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H348.

VFR approaches to land at night should be accomplished

  A—at a higher airspeed. B—with a steeper descent. C—the same as during daytime.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H63.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—GLIDER (PGL)

The minimum allowable strength of a towline used for an aerotow of a glider having a certificated gross weight of 700 pounds is

A—560 pounds. B—700 pounds. C—1,000 pounds.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B12.

A sailplane has a best glide ratio of 23:1.How many feet will the glider lose in 8nautical miles?

A—1,840 feet. B—2,100 feet. C—2,750 feet.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: N27.

What cloud types would indicate convective turbulence?

A—Cirrus clouds. B—Nimbostratus clouds. C—Towering cumulus clouds.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I26.

When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should

A—identify themselves as pilots.

B—tell the number of hours they have flown within the p re ceding 90 days.

C—state the number of occupants on board an d the color of the aircraft.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H526.

  What minimum upward current must a glider encounter to maintain altitude?

  A—At leas t 2 feet per second. B—The same as the glider's sink rate. C—The same as the adjacent down currents.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I35.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—BALLOON–HOT AIR (PBH)

Prior to becoming certified as a private pilot with a balloon rating, the pilot must have at least

A—passed a third-class medical exam.

B—obtained a statement fr om a designated medical examiner.

C—made a statement certifying that he/she has no known medical deficiency that would make him/her unable to act as pilot.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: A23.

If ample propane is available, within which temperature range will propane vaporize sufficiently to provide enough pressure for burner operation during flight?

A—0 to 30 °F. B—10 to 30 °F. C—30 to 90 °F.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: O220.

  The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and

A—unstable air containing an excess of condensation nuclei.

B—unstable, moist air.

C—either stable or unstable air.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I30.

•  When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state the

A—full name and address of the pilot in command.

B—intended route, destination, and type of aircraft.

C—radio frequencies to be used.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H320.

•  When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state

A—the full name and address of the formation comm an der.

B—that they possess a current pilot certificate.

C—whether they intend to fly VFR only.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H05.

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—BALLOON–GAS (PBG)

The person directly responsible for the pre-launch briefing of passengers for a flight is the

A—safety officer. B—pilot in command. C—ground crewmember.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B07.

What is the relationship of false lift with the wind?

A—False lift increases as the wind accelerates the balloon.

B—False lift does not exist if the surface winds are calm.

C—False lift decreases as the wind accelerates the balloon.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: O30.

What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?

A—High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

B—High humidity, high temperature, an d cumulus clouds.

C—Lifting force, moist air, an d extensive cloud cover.

Answer A—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I30.

When telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information, pilots should state

A—the full name and address of the formation commander.

B—that they possess a current pilot certificate.

C—whether they intend to fly VFR only.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: H320.

•  The minimum size a launch site should be is at least

A—twice the height of the balloon. B—100 feet for every 1 knot of wind. C—500 feet on the downwind side.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: O30

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PRIVATE PILOT—LIGHTER-THAN-AIR–AIRSHIP (PLA)

•  An aircraft's annual inspection was performed on July 12, this year.The next annual inspection will be due no later than

A—July 1, next year. B—July 13, next year. C—July 31, next year.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: B13.

•  Under which condition will an airship float in the air?

A—When buoyan t force equals horizontal equilibrium existing between propeller thrust and airship drag.

B—When buoyant force is less th an the difference

between airship weight an d the weight of the air volume being displaced.

C—When buoyan t force equals the difference between airship weight and the weight of the air volume being displaced.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: P01.

Ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth's surface of the

When the course deviation indicator (CDI) needle is centered during an omnireceiver check using a VOR test signal (VOT), the omnibearing selector (OBS) and the TO/FROM indicator should read

A—180° FROM, only if the pilot is due north of the VOT.

B—0° TO or 180° FROM, regardless of the pilot's position from the VOT.

C—0° FROM or 180° TO, regardless of the pilot's position from the VOT.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: J01.

•  Which takeoff procedure is considered to be most hazardous for an airship?

A—Maintaining only 50 percent of the maximum permissible positive angle of inclination.

B—Failing to apply full engine power properly on all takeoffs, regardless of wind.

C—Maintaining a negative angle of inclination during takeoff after elevator response is adequate for controllability.

Answer C—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: P11.

A—lowest reported obscuration and the highest layer of clouds repo rt ed as overcast.

B—lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena rep ort ed as broken, overcast, and not classified as thin or partial.

C—lowest layer of clouds rep o rt ed as scattered, broken, or thin.

Answer B—Subject Matter Knowledge Code: I41.

APPENDIX 1

LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS
AND SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE CODES

The publications listed in the following pages contain study material you need to be familiar with when preparing for recreational pilot and private pilot knowledge tests. All of these publications can be purchased through U.S. Government Bookstores, commercial aviation supply houses, or industry organizations. The latest revision of the listed references should be requested. Additional study material is also available through these sources that may be helpful in preparing for recreational pilot and private pilot knowledge tests.

The subject matter knowledge codes refer to the specific reference for the knowledge standard. When reviewing results of your knowledge test, you should compare the subject matter knowledge code(s) on your Airman Test Report to the ones found below.This will be helpful for both review and preparation for the practical test

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Goodyear Airship Operations Manual

P01 Buoyancy

P03 Free Ballooning

P04 Aerostatics

FAA Accident Prevention Program Bulletins

V01 FAA-P-8740-2, Density Altitude

V02 FAA-P-8740-5, Weight and Balance

V03 FAA-P-8740-12, Thunderstorms

V04 FAA-P-8740-19, Flying Light Twins Safely

V05 FAA-P-8740-23, Planning Your Takeoff

V06 FAA-P-8740-24, Tips on Winter Flying

Transmits the status of all FAA advisory circulars (AC's), as well as FAA internal publications and miscellaneous flight information, such as Aeronautical Information Manual, Airport/Facility Directory, practical test standards, knowledge test guides, and other material directly related to a certificate or rating.AC 00-2 is accessible through the Internet at http:// www.faa.gov/abc/ac-chklst/actoc.htm, or you may obtain a free copy from:

U.S.Department of Transportation Subsequent Distribution Office, SVC-121.23 Ardmore East Business Center
3341 Q 75 Ave.
Landover , MD 20785

Appendix 1

COMPUTER TESTING DESIGNEES

The following is a list of the computer testing designees autho ri zed to give FAA airm an knowledge tests. This list should be helpful in case you choose to register for a test or simply w an t more information.

Computer Assisted Testing Service (CATS)

1849 Old Baysh ore Highway Burlingame , CA 94010

Applicant inquiry and test registration: 1-800-947-4228 From outside the U.S. (650) 259-8550

Sylvan Prometric
1000 Lancaster Street Baltimore , MD 21202

Applicant inquiry and test registration: 1-800-274-1900, 1-800-967-1100, or 1-800-359-3278 From outside the U.S. registr an ts should contact the approp ri ate Regional Service Center (RSC):

LaserGrade Computer Testing
16209 S.E. McGillivray, Suite L Vancouver , WA 98683

Applicant inquiry and test registration: 1-800-211-2753 or 1-800-211-2754 From outside the U.S. (360) 896-9111

APPENDIX 2

<Image: FiGURE 1.—Time Conversion Table.>

<Image: FIGURE 3.—VOR. >

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