Best Practices for Cataloging Streaming Media

Created by the
OLAC Cataloging Policy Committee
Streaming Media Best Practices Task Force

With additional assistance from Jay Weitz


Task Force Members:

Cindy Badilla-Melendez
Julia Dunlap
Karen A. Plummer
Mark Sandford
Stacie Traill
Jeannette Ho, Chair



CONTENTS

 

 

Purpose and Scope

What Are Streaming Media?

Examples of Streaming Media

What Are Not Streaming Media?

Best Practice Guidelines for Cataloging Streaming Media

      Chief Source of Information

      Choice of Record Type

      Bibliographic level

      Other fixed field/008 values

      006 field

      007 fields

      Title and statement of responsibility

      Edition

      Publication,distribution, etc.

      Physical description

      Series

      Notes

A.     System requirements

B.     Mode of access

C.     Language

D.     Nature or artistic form and medium of performance

E.      Source of title proper

F.      Statement of responsibility

G.     Edition and history

H.     Type and extent of resource

I.        Physical description

J.       Accompanying material

K.    Other formats

L.      Summary

M.   Contents

      Electronic access (URL)

Single or Separate Records?

Resources Converted to Streaming Media from DifferentFormats

Sample Records for Streaming Video

Sample Records for Streaming Audio

List of Resources Consulted





Purpose and Scope

 

 

This document is intended to assist catalogers in creating records for streaming media.  It covers both streaming video and audio, including those that are born digital, as well as those that are created from an existing resource, such as a video issued on DVD or videocassette.  It does not cover resources that are not considered "streaming" over the Internet in real-time (e.g., video on CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, downloadable files, podcasts on the Internet, etc.) 

 

As libraries have begun to collect streaming media relatively recently, the current cataloging standards provide little formal guidance and few examples, and practice varies among libraries that contribute records to OCLC’s WorldCat database.  The purpose of this document is to provide "best practice" guidance for the most common situations encountered in libraries.  It does not attempt to provide an exhaustive list of all possible resources or situations.

 

This document is organized into the following sections: an introduction presenting definitions and examples of streaming vs. non-streaming media; "best practice" guidelines on cataloging streaming media; examples of catalog records for both streaming video and audio; and a list of resources consulted during this project that catalogers may also find helpful when cataloging streaming media.  The guidelines and examples in this document pertain to OCLC-MARC tagging and the content is governed by cataloging rules and manuals, including the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition (2002 revision with 2005 update). 

 

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What Are Streaming Media?

 

 

Definition

 

Streaming media are video or audio transmitted over a network that can be played immediately, with no need to download an entire file before playback. Audio and/or video content is sent to the user as a data stream. A small amount of data is sent ahead to the user’s computer and buffered temporarily on the hard drive, and as playback proceeds, more data is constantly streamed to the user’s machine. The files created by buffering are temporary, and are gone when playback is complete.

 

Streaming technology allows users to access audiovisual content on the Internet (or any computer network) without waiting for entire files to download. This minimizes both the amount of time required to view audiovisual content online, and the amount of storage space necessary to do so. Streaming technology also makes it possible for remote users to access live events, such as lectures or radio broadcasts, in real time.

 

File Types and Software Players

 

Below are some of the most common streaming file types for video and audio.

 

 STREAMING VIDEO

 

.avi                        Audio Video Interleave

 

.asf, .asx               Advanced Systems formats, usually viewed by Microsoft's Windows Media Player.

 

.mov, .qt                Apple Quicktime formats

 

.mpg, .mpeg,

.mpe, .mp4            MPEG compression

 

.rm                         RealMedia format, usually viewed by Real Player.  It is often used in conjunction with RealVideo (as well as RealAudio).

 

.swf                        Macromedia Flash, usually viewed by the Adobe Flash Player.

 

.wmv                      Windows Media Video, usually viewed by Microsoft's Windows MediaPlayer.

 

.flv                         Flash Video, viewed by Adobe Flash Player.

 

 

 

STREAMING AUDIO

 

         .wma, .wax            Windows Media audio file

 

         .mp3, .m3u            MP3 audio file

 

         .wav                      Windows audio file

 

         .midi, .mid, .rmi    MIDI audio file

 

         .aiff, .aif, .aifc       AIFF audio file

 

         .au, .snd                Audio file

 

         .cda                       Music CD playback

 


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Examples of Streaming Media:

 

Home page for a series of lectures offered as video streams from Stanford Graduate School of Business:

 

 

A video available on YouTube:

 

A past episode of Sounds Eclectic, a radio show:

 

 

 

A title included in the Naxos Music Library service:

 

 


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What Are NOT Streaming Media?

 

For most catalogers, the differences between streaming and non-streaming media are a simple recognition of inherently non-streaming media which is distributed on physical media such as videocassettes, CDs, CD-ROMs, DVDs, DVD-ROMs, etc., versus media distributed via the Internet. There are further differences in the types of media distributed via the Internet. For the purposes of this document, non-streaming media files are defined as digital files that are downloaded from the Internet to reside on the user’s local disk drive.

 

Characteristics of non-streaming media include:

 

  • The media file is downloaded in its entirety to the local disk drive (streaming media progressively load portions of the file into a buffer and discard/overwrite each portion after playback).
  • Playback is based on the downloaded file on the local system, not on portions of the file temporarily stored in a buffer. Large files generally are not available for playback until the entire file has downloaded to the user’s local disk drive.
  • Playback is not in "real time"
  • Playback does not required a persistent client (or media player)-to-server connection and continuous data flow since it is based on the downloaded file
  • User has access to downloaded content
  • User must consider local disk storage capacity for downloads
  • In many cases, user has ability to manipulate or edit content, load content on additional devices, or "burn" content to a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM.

 

 

Examples:

 

  • iTunes – This service includes streaming and non-streaming content (abbreviated previews of music and video are available as streaming media in real-time, while purchased audio and video files are downloaded to the user’s system to play back at any time)
  • Animated vector graphics in Macromedia Flash format. Often described as streaming media, these files actually use a "progressive download" (Austerberry, 2005, 142). or "pseudo-streaming" (Brannon, Digan, and Koyanagi, 1998, 192).  Progressive downloads are not considered true streaming as the entire media file is being downloaded to the local machine even though, like streaming media, the file can be played while the download is occurring (Storlarz, 2005, 146).
  • Anarchy Online media downloads (http://forum.anarchy-online.de/content/downloads/): This gaming site includes audio, video and image downloads which can easily be saved to the user’s hard drive. While you can click on any of the files and view them fairly quickly, each media file is actually downloaded in its entirety to the local system before playing.

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Best Practice Guidelines for Cataloging Streaming Media

 

Streaming video files are both video recordings and remotely accessed electronic resources.  They should be described according to the rules in AACR2 Chapter 7 (Motion Pictures and Videorecordings) and Chapter 9 (Electronic Resources).

 

Streaming audio files are both sound recordings and remotely accessed electronic resources.  They should be described according to the rules in AACR2 Chapter 6 (Sound Recordings) and Chapter 9 (Electronic Resources). 

 

Chief source of information

 

When cataloging streaming video or audio, select the chief source of information according to AACR2 rule 9.0B1.  This rule states that the chief source of information for electronic resources is "the resource itself." Formally presented evidence in the form of title screens, home pages, encoded metadata, etc., should be preferred when present.

 

For streaming video, also follow 7.0B1, which lists the "the item itself (e.g., the title frames)" as the preferred source of information. Prefer formally presented evidence that appears in the video title frames during playback as the chief source of information.  To view title frames, you may be required to install a media player such as RealPlayer or Windows Media player onto your computer. These programs can be downloaded for free from the Internet.

 

If no title or credits appear in the actual video during playback, look for information formally presented in other sources, such as home pages or indexes that contain links to the video file, and other metadata.  Streaming videos may sometimes have separate resource description pages containing metadata about titles, creators, running time,  file size, etc.  In addition, media players such as RealPlayer allow users to access metadata about a resource by going to the file menu and selecting "Clip info" during video playback.

 

Choice of record type

 

For streaming video files, code Leader/06 (OCLC Type) as "g" for "projected media, since the primary nature of the intellectual content is video.

 

For streaming audio files, the primary nature of the intellectual content is sound.  Code Leader/06 (OCLC Type) as "j’ for musical sound recordings; or "i" for nonmusical sound recordings, whichever is appropriate.

 

For collections containing both streaming video and audio with no format predominating, code Leader/06 (OCLC Type) as "m" for computer file. (Also apply this value to resources containing a mixture of musical and nonmusical audio files, with no type predominating.)


Bibliographic level

 

For individual streaming audio or video files, code Leader/07 (BLvl) as "m" for monograph.

 

For collections containing streaming audio or video files that are being updated over time, code Leader/07 (BLvl) as "i" for integrating resource.

 

(Note: As not all systems may allow the combination of the Leader/07 value "i" with Leader/06 values "g", "i", or "j", it may be necessary to consult one’s ILS vendor or systems personnel in order to ensure that one’s system can accommodate such combinations of these values)

 

Other fixed field/008 values

 

For video or audio files, code each respective format as you would for any videorecording or sound recording as appropriate with the following exception: Music 008/23 and Visual Materials 008/29 (OCLC Form) should be coded s for electronic.

 

However, if a resource contains both streaming video and audio with no format predominating, code the values in the 008 field as you would for any computer file with 008/26 (OCLC File) m for "combination."

 

006 field

 

For video or audio files, add a 006 field to reflect the electronic resource aspects of the streaming video or audio file. Code 006/05 (OCLC Audn) and 006/11 (GPub) as appropriate for the resource you are cataloging.

 

·        For streaming video, code 006/09 (OCLC File) c for "representational."

 

·        For streaming audio, code 006/09 (OCLC File) h for "sound."

     

It is appropriate to code the 006/09 "c" for "representational" when cataloging streaming video.  Although the ISBD (ER) definition of "representational" does not explicitly mention moving images, the 006/09 coding value "c" does not necessarily exclude them. According to a message from David Reser at the Library of Congress’s Cataloging Policy and Support Office (CPSO) to the Task Force chair, an attempt to change "representational" to "graphic" (MARBI Proposal 93-4) was rejected in 1993.  In the same message, he recommended the value "c" for streaming video.

 

For collections of streaming video or audio files that are being updated over time, also add a 006 field to reflect the continuing resource aspect of the resource being cataloged.  

 

If a resource contains both streaming video and audio files with no format predominating (Leader/06 "m"), optionally add a 006 for video and a 006 for audio content. (Note: this instruction does not apply when the resource consists solely of streaming video files that include a sound aspect)

 

007 fields

 

For streaming video files, include a 007 field to describe the physical characteristics of the file as a videorecording.  For streaming audio files, include a 007 field to describe the physical characteristics of the file as a sound recording.

 

For both formats, include an additional 007 field to describe its physical characteristics as an electronic resource.

 

It should be noted that available options for MARC 007 coding have not kept up with technological change, so current 007 standards do not provide a wealth of appropriate choices for streaming media. The following coding recommendations are subject to change based on further developments and refinements in the MARC21 standard.

 

Sample video recording 007 for streaming video:

 

007       v ǂb z ǂd c ǂe z ǂf a ǂg z ǂh u ǂi u

 

     007/00 (OCLC ǂa)           v (videorecording) for category of material
     007/01 (OCLC ǂb)z (other) for specific material designation
     007/03 (OCLC ǂd)code as appropriate for color
     007/04 (OCLC ǂe)z (other) for videorecording format
     007/05 (OCLC ǂf)a (sound on medium)
     007/06 (OCLC ǂg)z (other) for medium for sound
     007/07 (OCLC ǂh)u (unknown) for dimensions
     007/08 (OCLC ǂi)           code as appropriate for configuration of playback channels

 

Sample sound recording 007 for streaming audio:

 

007       s ǂb z ǂd z ǂe z ǂf n ǂg n ǂh n ǂi n ǂj n ǂk z ǂl n ǂm e ǂn d

 

     007/00 (OCLC ǂa)           s (sound recording) for category of material
     007/01 (OCLC ǂb)z (other) for specific material designation
     007/03 (OCLC ǂd)z (other) for speed
     007/04 (OCLC ǂe)code as appropriate for configuration of playback channels
     007/05 (OCLC ǂf)n (not applicable) for groove width/pitch
     007/06 (OCLC ǂg)n (not applicable) for dimensions
     007/07 (OCLC ǂh)n (not applicable) for tape width
     007/08 (OCLC ǂi)n (not applicable) for tape configuration
     007/09 (OCLC ǂj)n (not applicable) for kind of disc/cylinder/tape
     007/10 (OCLC ǂk)z (other) for kind of material
     007/11 (OCLC ǂl)n (not applicable) for kind of cutting
     007/12 (OCLC ǂm)e (digital recording) for special playback characteristics
     007/13 (OCLC ǂn)code as appropriate for capture/storage techniques

 

 

Sample electronic resource 007 for either streaming video or audio:

 

007       c ǂb r ǂd c ǂe n ǂf a

 

     007/00 (OCLC ǂa)           c (electronic resource) for category of material
     007/01 (OCLC ǂb)r (remote access) for specific material designation
     007/03 (OCLC ǂd)code as appropriate for color
     007/04 (OCLC ǂe)n (not applicable) for dimensions
     007/05 (OCLC ǂf)a (sound on medium)

 

 

Title and Statement of Responsibility

 

Transcribe the title proper, any parallel titles and other title information, and statements of responsibility from the selected chief source of information. 

Include other title information and variations of titles that may appear on other sources of information related to the resource.

 

For musical streaming audio files, consult AACR2 5.1B1 to determine which elements should be included in the title proper.

 

Below are some examples:

Example 1. Title taken from title frames during playback for a streaming video:

 

 

245  00  European Union trade policy and the fate of the GATS trade negotiations ǂh [electronic resource] : ǂb March 15, 2007 / ǂc Global Studies presents ; Robert Thompson.

 

Example 2.  Different title appearing on resource description page for a streaming video:

 

 

 

246  1_  ǂi Title on resource description page: ǂa Breakdown of the Doha round of WTO trade negotiations : ǂb the roles of agricultural protectionism in the United States and the European Union

246  3_  Roles of agricultural protectionism in the United States and the European Union

 

Example 3: Title taken from contents page for streaming audio:

 

 

245  10  Cello sonatas nos. 4 and 5, op. 102 ǂh [electronic resource] / ǂc Beethoven.

 

Example 4:  Title taken from resource description page for resource available as both streaming and downloadable audio

 

 

 

245  14  The right of the people to rule ǂh [electronic resource].

 

 

Edition

 

Transcribe an edition statement if one appears in the chief source or in information provided by the publisher.  However, do not record version information that is solely associated with the media player required to view the video or listen to the audio content.

 

250      Version 2.0.

 

Publication, Distribution, etc.

 

Per AACR2 9.4B2, all remote access electronic resources are considered to be published. Transcribe the place of publication or distribution and the name of the publisher or distributor from the chief source or from information provided by the publisher.

 

260      [Champaign, Ill.] : ǂb Center for Global Studies, ǂc [2007]

 

Physical Description

 

It is recommended to include a physical description for streaming files.  Although catalogers are not required to do so for remote access electronic resources, optional rule AACR2 9.5B3 provides for physical descriptions of such resources.

 

For streaming video, use the common usage term "streaming video file" as a specific material designation (SMD).  Per AACR2 7.5B2, include the playing time of the video file if it is stated or readily ascertainable.  For streaming audio, use "streaming sound file" as an SMD.  Per AACR2 6.5B2, also include the playing time of the audio file if it is stated or readily ascertainable.

 

For both streaming audio and video, record details about type of file, number of bytes and transmission speed if they are available and considered important. Include such technical information related to the file in parentheses, as instructed by 9.5B4.  As a best practice, it is recommended to capitalize file extensions of a streaming media file in the 300 field (e.g., RMA file, etc.).

 

For streaming video, also record details about whether the video contains sound, and whether it is in color or black and white.

 

Examples:

 

300            1 streaming video file (58 min.) : ǂb digital, stereo., WMV file (1 Kbps), sd., col. with b&w sequences.

 

300            1 streaming sound file (14 min.) : ǂb digital, stereo., WMA file.

 

 

Best Practice Recommendations:

 

Generally always include a 300 field for streaming media.  However, omit the 300 field when a situation is too complex to be treated in the physical description with sufficient clarity (e.g., when different versions of the same resource appear as separate files on the same website).  In the latter case, give physical details in notes instead. Optionally include technical information about files in the notes. 

 

Below are some examples of when it is NOT recommended to have a 300 field:

 

·        The same resource is available as both a streaming file and a downloadable file on the same website. 

 

·        The same resource is available as different streaming versions (e.g., low vs. high bandwith) in separate files on the same website. 

 

·        The resource being cataloged is an updating Web site that provides access to streaming media files.  In this case, catalog the Web site according to the rules in AACR2 Chapters 9 and 12, rather than the individual streaming files.  While one has the option of including a physical description ("1 Website"), it is not recommended as a best practice to include details about the individual streaming files in the 300 field.

 

It should be noted that the Task Force does not recommend using multiple 300 fields within the same record to describe each individual file version separately when there are multiple file versions of the same resource.  Although the 300 field is repeatable, AACR2 rule 1.10 only allows multiple physical descriptions for items that are "made up of two or more components, two or more of which belong to distinct material types (e.g., a sound recording and a printed text)."  Rule 9.5B4 also states, "If such characteristics [number of files] cannot be given succinctly, give them in a note." Although it is not recommended to contribute records with multiple 300 fields in such cases to OCLC, one may optionally adopt this method as a local practice in one’s own catalog.

 

See the section on Notes (H. Type and Extent of Resource and I. Physical description) for examples of notes in situations involving multiple file versions.

 

Series

 

Transcribe series statements for streaming video or audio as you would for any other resource.

 

440 _0 Prisms of Globalization

 

490 1_ Media power

830 _0 Media power (Online)

 

*In the above example, Media power was previously established as a series for a VHS version of this title.

 

Notes

 

Include appropriate notes in prescribed order from AACR2 Chapters 6, 7, and 9. The following list of notes is not exhaustive; refer to Chapters 6, 7, and 9 for further information.

 

A.     System requirements

 

Give information on system requirements whenever it is readily available. Since many streaming media formats require a specific piece of software for playback, be sure to include it if it is named.

 

538            System requirements: Windows PC; Windows 2000, XP (service pack 2); Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher; Microsoft Windows Media Player 9.0 or higher.

538            System requirements: RealPlayer 8 or higher.

 

B.     Mode of access

 

As for all remotely accessed electronic resources, include a note specifying the mode of access.

 

538       Mode of access: World Wide Web.

 

C.     Language

 

Include a note specifying language if it is not apparent from the rest of the description, or if the streaming medium is available in more than one language.  

 

546      Includes soundtracks in English, Cantonese, Korean, Mandarin, Russian, Spanish and Vietnamese.

 

D.    Nature or artistic form and medium of performance

 

For nonmusical video and audio files, make a note on the nature or literary form unless it is apparent from the rest of the description.

 

500      Video tutorial.

 

500            Lecture.

 

For musical streaming audio files, make a note on the type of musical work unless it is apparent from the rest of the description.  Also note the medium of performance when it is not given elsewhere in the description according to AACR2 5.7B1.

 

500            Opera in four acts.

 

500      For voice, guitar, and piano.

 

E.     Source of title proper

 

Always give the source of the title proper in a note with appropriate terms.

 

Best Practice Recommendation:

 

 If the title is transcribed from an updating web page external to the streaming video or audio file, include date it was viewed.

 

500            Title from home page (viewed on Feb. 25, 2007).

 

500            Title from resource description page (viewed on Sept. 8, 2006).

 

500            Title from publisher web page (viewed on March 8, 2005).

 

However, if the title is transcribed from title frames of a streaming video during  playback, include the following note without a viewed on date:

 

500      Title from title frames

 

           

F.      Statement of responsibility

 

Per  6.7B6 and 7.7B6, give statement of responsibility information regarding individuals appearing in the video or audio recording (e.g., cast members, interviewees, presenters, etc) and individuals involved in the technical aspects of its production, just as you would when cataloging a video or sound recording in another format.

 

511 0_ Presenters, Michael Gorman, John Budd, Nancy Allen, Elaine Zaremba Jennerich ; host, Mike Jackson.

 

511 0_ Ana Maria Martinez, Sophie Koch, Stephane Degout, Shawn Mathey, Thomas Allen, Helen Donath ; Vienna Philharmonic ; Manfred Honeck, conductor.

 

508            Editors, Jim Nocera, Jennifer Hausheer.

 

 

G.    Edition and history

 

AACR2 9.7B7 instructs catalogers to give source of edition statement if it differs from source of the title.

 

500            Ed. statement from home page (viewed on Apr. 7, 2003).

 

Video

 

      Additionally, AACR2 7.7B7 and its accompanying Library of Congress Rule Interpretation instruct catalogers to include a note about the described or the history of the video.

 

            500      Originally produced as a motion picture in 1968.

           

500            Produced in conjunction with the event "125 Years of Women at Penn", held at Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, Penn., on November 1-2, 2001.

 

518            Originally broadcast on June 9, 2006 as part of a teleconference

 

Audio

 

Similarly, AACR2 6.7B7 instructs catalogers to include a note about the edition, being described, to the edition of the work performed, the history of the recording, or details of an event.

 

      518      Recording of a speech given at Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., May 24, 2007.

 

 

H.    Type and extent of resource

 

A note about the file type and size is optional.  9.7B8 says, "Give information relating to the type and extent of the resource if it is considered to be important and not found elsewhere in the description."

 

Best practice recommendations:

 

If the decision is made to not include a 300 field, always include a note about the streaming nature of the files.  It is recommended that this be the first note in the record. 

 

It is also recommended to combine this information with duration, and in the case of video, physical details concerning sound and color.

 

500      Streaming video (1 hr., 27 min., sd., col. with b&w sequences).

 

500      Streaming audio (15 min.).

 

Also make a note about number, size, or transmission speed(s) of the files, if these details are considered important, and are readily available. 

 

500            2 WMV files : 137 Kbps, 388 Kbps.

 

 

      I. Physical description

 

If a resource is available as different versions in separate files on the same web site, it is recommended to omit the 300 field and record physical details (duration, sound, color) and Type and Extent of Resource (type of file) in a single, combined note. 

 

500      Available as both streaming video files (53 min., 2 MPEG-4 files, sd., b&w) and downloadable video files (53 min., 2 MPEG-4 files, sd., b&w); downloadable files available via either HTTP or FTP.

 

500      Various sound files in both streaming (WMA) and downloadable (mp3 and raw WAV) formats.

 

However, if this information can be given in a contents note instead of a general note, it is recommended that the cataloger do so. (See section M for an example)

 

See the earlier section on "Physical description" for more information about recording physical details.

 

 

J.      Accompanying material

 

Make notes on the existence of accompanying material if appropriate.

 

500            Accompanied by PowerPoint presentation.

 

500      Accompanied by streaming audio presentation.

 

 

K. Other formats

 

It is optional to include a note indicating the availability of the video or audio content in other formats.   One may choose to include this information, for instance, if one’s institution owns the resource in the other format.

 

530      Issued also as videodisc (DVD) and videocassette (VHS).

 

530      Also available on compact disc

 

 

L.   Summary

 

Give a concise, objective summary of the streaming file’s purpose and content if this is not clear from the rest of the description.

 

520      A tribute to the pioneering achievements of women students at Pennsylvania State University in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Includes interviews with various alumnae.

 

520      This program presents examples of historical speeches originally recorded on Edison cylinders for educational purposes. Includes samples of speeches by Sarah Bernhard, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Jennings Bryan.

 

 

M. Contents

 

Include a note listing the contents of the resource when appropriate, according to AACR2 rules 6.7B18 and 7.7B18.  Include durations of individual files.

 

505 0_  Short ride in a fast machine (4:05) -- The wound-dresser (19:19) Berceuse elegiaque (9:27) -- Shaker loops (25:28).

 

 If the decision is made to include a formal contents note, and a 300 field was omitted, record details relating to files (type of file, number of bytes, transmission speed) and video (sound, color), as applicable, and if this information is readily available or ascertainable.

 

505 0_  High bandwidth version (1 hr., 27 min., WMV file, 137 Kbps, sd., col. with b&w sequences) – Low bandwidth version (1 hr., 27 min., WMV file, 388 Kbps, sd., col. with b&w sequences).

 

 

Electronic access (URL)

 

Provide the resource’s URL in an 856 field. Whenever possible, the URL given should be a direct link to the resource cataloged. 

 

856 40 ǂu http://stream.library.ucsb.edu/speeches.m3u

 

856 40 ǂu http://mediamatrix.tamu.edu ǂz Log on to TAMU Mediamatrix site to access resource

 

In addition, optionally include a URL that links to a site at a higher level of granularity relative to the streaming file being described.  It may be beneficial to do so if the site contains descriptive information about the resource being cataloged.

 

856 40 ǂu http://atlas-real.atlas.uiuc.edu:8080/ramgen//globalstudies/las-v-2007-4/smil/gs20070315_thompson.smil

856 42 ǂu http://www.cgs.uiuc.edu/resources/webvideo/thompson_breakdown.html

 

*In the above example, the first 856 field provides a direct link to the resource cataloged, while the second 856 field provides a link to its resource description page.


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Single or Separate Records?

Catalogers have the option of using single or separate records when cataloging streaming versions of videos and sound recordings that are also issued in a physical format (e.g., DVD or compact disc).  It is permissible to apply the single record approach when both the content and duration of the streaming version and the tangible version are identical.

 

While either approach may work better in one’s local environment, it is generally recommended that streaming versions be cataloged on separate records from other versions of the same resource in different formats.

 

It is recommended that catalogers follow OCLC’s Cataloging Electronic Resources: OCLC-MARC Coding Guidelines (available at http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/cataloging/electronicresources/) when applying either approach. 

 

Separate Records Approach

 

When one has evidence that another version of a resource being cataloged has been issued in a different format, one may optionally include information about the other version when using a separate record approach. 

 

Nonelectronic version:

  1. Select the appropriate workform and coding for the "Type" (Leader/06) element ("g" for video, "i" or "j" for sound recording).

  2. Do not input fields 006 and 007 for characteristics of the electronic version and leave "Form of Item" (008/23, 008/29, 006/06, or 006/12) as blank.

  3. Optionally note the availability of the electronic version in field 530. Example: Available also on the Internet.

  4. Add a 700-730 added entry field for the electronic version when the main entry differs.

  5. Optionally, link to the electronic record with field 776.

  6. Optionally, provide the location of any remotely accessible version(s) in field(s) 856. Use second indicator "1" when the address is for a version of the resource other than the one described in the body of the entry, or "2" when the address is for an otherwise related resource.


Streaming version of video or sound recording:

  1. Select the appropriate workform and coding for the "Type" (Leader/06) element ("g" for video, "i" or "j" for sound recording).

  2. Include field 006 for computer file (Type: "m", File="c" for video, and File= "h" for audio).

  3. Include field 007 for computer file.

  4. Code "Form of Item" (008/23, 008/29, 006/06, or 006/12) as "s" for electronic aspect.

  5. Optionally note the availability of the nonelectronic version in field 530. Example: Also available as a videodisc (DVD).

  6. Add a 700-730 added entry field when main entry for the nonelectronic version differs.

  7. Optionally, link to the nonelectronic version using field 776.

  8. Provide the location of any remotely accessible version(s) in field(s) 856. Use second indicator "0" when the address is for the resource itself, "1" when the address is for a version of the resource other than the one described in the body of the entry, or "2" when the address is for an otherwise related resource.

 

Single Record Approach

  1. Select the appropriate workform and coding for the "Type" (Leader/06) element ("g" for video, "i" or "j" for sound recording).

  2. Do not input field 006 for the electronic version.

  3. Do not code "Form of Item"(008/23, 008/29) for the electronic version.

  4. Include 007 field for the nonelectronic version of the resource.

  5. Optionally, include 007 field for the electronic version of the resource.

  6. Note the availability of the electronic version in field 530.

  7. Add a 740 added entry when the title for the electronic version differs.

  8. Provide the location of any remotely accessible version in field 856. Use second indicator "1" when the address is for a version of the resource other than the one described in the body of the entry or "2" when the address is for an otherwise related resource.


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Resources Converted to Streaming Media from Different Formats

 

 

A library may provide access to streaming files that have been digitized from previously existing resources in a different format (e.g., DVD or compact disc).  In this situation, use the guidelines in the previous section ("Single or Separate Records?") to determine whether to catalog the digitized version on a separate record from the tangible version.

 

If the decision is made to create a separate record for the digitized version of a video or sound recording, one may OPTIONALLY record data about the preexisting resource in its original format in the description with a 533 note about the electronic reproduction per the Library of Congress Rule Interpretation (LCRI) 1.11A.

 

However, if the decision is made not to apply the above rule interpretation, record data about the digitized resource being cataloged in the description and include a note containing publication and physical description details of the preexisting resource in its original format, using the MARC21 534 field.  Also include a note indicating that the streaming version was made with permission, and the conversion date, if available.

 

 

534      ǂp Originally published: ǂc Northampton, MA : Media Education Foundation, c2002. ǂe 1 videodisc : sd., col. ; 4 ¾ in.

500      Converted with permission from DVD videodisc to streaming video format, Jan. 14, 2007.

 

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Sample Records for Streaming Video

 

 
Example 1.  Streaming video of a documentary.