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CONFERENCE REPORTS
Jan Mayo, East Carolina University
Column Editor

** REPORTS FROM THE **
2004 OLAC Conference
Montréal, Québec, Canada


SHOWCASE SESSIONS


BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DU QUÉBEC
Presented by
Claude Fournier
Directeur général de la conservation
Mireille Laforce
Coordinator, Legal Deposit Section
Liliane Bédard
Chef, Direction du traitement documentaire de la collection patrimoniale

This session presented information about the Bibliothèque nationale du Québec (BNQ), which was created on August 12, 1967 by the Québec government to assemble and conserve Québec’s documentary heritage. The BNQ is the national library of the province of Québec and is situated in the city of Montréal. It was originally conceived to be a reference library for materials from the province. It shares characteristics of a national or state library, as well as striving to be an archive of publishing, culture, heritage and history whose mission is to collect information in various formats.

In 1998, after thirty years of existence, the idea of a new "Grande Bibliothèque du Québec" was born. Its mission was to provide all people of Québec with full and free access to the Library’s vast collections, and along with it, moving from being just a reference library to becoming a public lending library. The Québec Government set in motion a plan for a new library that will combine the collections of the BNQ’s own holdings with collections from the Bibliothèque centrale de Montréal, the Archives nationales du Québec, collections of the Service québécois du livre adapté, new acquisitions, and more.

The BNQ uses legal deposit to collect material in order to fulfill its mission. It requires all Québec publishers to deposit two copies of each edition of any document they publish without charge within seven days of publication. In 1968 legal deposit applied to books, brochures, periodicals and musical scores; in 1980 geographical maps and plans were added. It was expanded again in 1992 to include posters, postcards, prints, artwork reproductions, sound recordings, and microform publications and electronic documents. In 2001 the deposit of online publications was added, followed in 2003 with the addition of performing arts programs.

The highlights of the collection include: 2,600 artist books, 2,000,000 periodicals and newspapers, 100,000 musical scores, 50,000 plans, maps and atlases, 25,000 original prints, 15,000 posters, 469 private archive holdings, 70,000 microform publications, 34,000 photographs, 58,000 postcards, 20,000 sound recordings, 2,300 electronic documents, 1,000,000 circulating books, 1,200,000 circulating documents and 1,500,000 circulating microfiches.

The process begins when the showcase included information about the process involved for the legal deposit of online publications, which is currently done for the government documents vailable on public portions of the Internet. It is a selective approach and targets publications that can stand alone, independently of their site of origin.

First the depositor fills out an online legal-deposit form based on the format: monographs, periodicals and announcements of issues of periodicals. A professional staff member at the BNQ validates the data and goes to the depositor’s site to capture the files. Finally, an entry is created in the digital library and in the catalogue, using Metsys, a data-transfer software system.

In the online catalog (IRIS), the bibliographic records for the online publications are cataloged using ISBD, MARC 21, AACR2, RVM, BNQ’s authority file and theClassification System for Québec Government Publications (CCBGQ.) These cataloged publications are preserved electronically in a PDF on the BNQ’s server and will create a history of these documents published on the Internet. In the future, there is a plan to add non-government online publications to the system.

The BNQ’s Website address is: http://www.bnquebec.ca/. IRIS can be found at: http://www.biblinat.gouv.qc.ca:6611/. The new Grande Bibliothèque will open its doors to the public in Spring 2005 in Montréal. The presenters encouraged everyone to return for a visit to the new library next year.

reported by Joseph Hafner
McGill University Libraries
Claude's PowerPoint Presentation | Mireille's PowerPoint Presentation | Liliane's PowerPoint Presentation


LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA
 Presented by Anne Draper
Library and Archives Canada

Anne Draper presented an overview of Library and Archives Canada (LAC), the new institution that has combined the collections, services, and staff of the National Library of Canada and National Archives of Canada into a single "innovative knowledge institution" for the 21st century. The holdings of LAC are staggering: 20 million published items, 24.5 million photographs, 400,000 documentary art objects, 340,000 hours of film, video, and audio, approximately 3 million megabytes of information in electronic formats, and more. The LAC Website offers a wealth of information at www.collectionscanada.ca.

Anne described the origins of the 2004 act of Parliament that created LAC, and the goal of improving the preservation of and access to the documentary heritage of Canada. A major factor was the overlap and similarity in the missions of the National Library of Canada and National Archives of Canada and the resulting redundancies and inefficiencies for patrons. Canadians reported that they did not care whether items were standard library materials or unpublished archival resources – they just wanted easy access to the documentary evidence of their heritage. LAC grew out of this need, and now offers synergy in its collections and skills for "one-stop shopping", utilizing the digital environment to enhance access even further.

Anne also outlined the decision making process that involved focus groups, retreats, meetings, and forums for staff members to analyze and create the new LAC structure. She discussed the ongoing staffing and workflow issues, and the challenges of merging cultures. The library and archives teams relished the opportunity to become part of a dynamic and well-funded new national institution, but paid the price by losing their established institutional identities in the process. Anne cited a major shift in moving from a profession-based environment to a mandate-based profession, and acknowledged it as an ongoing learning opportunity for all.

The separate library and archives catalogs have been merged into the integrated system called AMICAN. The LAC catalogers are based in the Documentary Heritage Collection sector, where cataloging is called "resource description." Anne explained that this title emphasizes the access-driven nature of the unit, and sees it is a marked departure from "traditional cataloging." Although core cataloging standards are in place as they were at the National Library of Canada, the sector’s "catalytic initiatives" will incorporate the upcoming release of AACR3 and the metadata-based concepts of FRBR. Anne wrapped up her presentation by noting that the LAC programs are very new, and it remains to be seen how this shift in cataloging will progress.
reported by Susannah Benedetti
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
PowerPoint Presentation


PANEL DISCUSSION
PREPARING 21st CENTURY CATALOGING AND METADATA PROFESSIONALS
 Presented by
Lynne Howarth, University of Toronto
Allyson Carlyle, University of Washington

This panel discussion featured two Library and Information Science faculty members presenting their ideas on cataloging curricula in library schools today and suggesting new approaches for the future to ensure that new catalogers have the skills they need to tackle upcoming challenges.

Dr. Howarth of the University of Toronto started with an overview of cataloging education practice in Canada. Both graduate programs leading to the Masters degree (all ALA-accredited) and paraprofessional programs leading to a Diploma in Library and Information Science Techniques are offered. Continuing Education and professional development opportunities in cataloging/classification are many and varied. They are offered by various University faculty and departmental courses, professional and paraprofessional associations, the Canadian Library Association’s Technical Services Interest Group, provincial library associations, the Association of Canadian Archivists and provincial archival associations.

Dr. Howarth listed some pros and cons of professional cataloging education curricula. The pros are:
  1. Is an introduction to cataloging courses required for degree and diploma programs?
  2. Are they are taught by full-time faculty? (This demonstrates a commitment to the status of cataloging education
  3. Is the faculty actively engaged in research?
  4. Does the faculty hold memberships in professional associations?
  5. Does the faculty participate in standards development? (e.g., descriptive cataloging standards, classification)
  6. Are degree and continuing education programs offered in Web resources cataloging and metadata? (stand-alone and in conjunction with professional associations and conferences)
The cons are:
  1. Cataloging courses with practicum component
  2. Tension between theory and practice (everyone having slightly different expectations: the student, the professor, and the profession)
  3. The "plug-and-play" controversy: the expectation of immediate expertise when the student assumes his/her first post-MLS job. This could be result of too much instruction at the theoretical level than the practical level during graduate studies.
Dr. Howarth then noted a trend in library and information science education toward a new Communications/Information Science hybrid and new "larger umbrella" faculties where library and information science is only a piece of the curriculum. Practitioners and academics need to work together to preserve and promote the value of cataloging and catalogers, even in these new umbrella curricula. The 4R’s should be promoted: Reflect, Rethink, Regroup and Risk. It is important to reflect on what skill set results in a good cataloger, figure out who the allies are, take cataloging out into the broader community. The benefits of cataloging must be publicized. She concluded her talk by reminding the audience that "Opportunity is knocking; we hold the key!!"

Dr. Carlyle of the University of Washington notified the audience of the availability of the document entitled: "Cataloging and Metadata Education : A Proposal for Preparing Cataloging Professionals", by Ingrid Hsieh-Yee. The document is available at: <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/CatalogingandMetadataEducation.pdf>. It was produced in response to item 5.1 of the "Bibliographic Control of Web Resources: A Library of Congress Action Plan", which is available at: <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/actionplan.pdf>.

Dr. Carlyle noted that the goals outlined in the plan have already been accomplished or are in progress:

*Item 1: Provide levels of student expertise and competencies in cataloging and metadata:
  1. identify and prepare students with core competencies for library technical services
  2. devise and conduct training to produce flexible and resourceful cataloging professionals
  3. promote the use and understanding of new and emerging metadata schema like Dublin Core.
*Item 2: Create a "metadata basics" information package for educators. (in progress?)

*Item 3: Create a listserv for people interested in cataloging and metadata education to communicate (finished: the listserv is housed at <educat@loc.gov>)

*Item 4: Create a "Web Clearinghouse"”--resources related to teaching cataloging and metadata. (Anita Coleman of the University of Arizona is compiling this.)

*Item 5: Prepare a one-day conference on "Teaching Strategies for Metadata Education". This was held January 9, 2003 at ALA Midwinter. Approximately 100 LIS faculty and other continuing education professionals attended.

Dr. Carlyle concluded by stating that the majority of the goals set forth in this document have already been realized. When all is complete, it will benefit the quality of education for cataloging and metadata professionals.
reported by Craig Dowski
State University of New York at Buffalo
Lynne's PowerPoint Presentation | Allyson's PowerPoint Presentation


POSTER SESSIONS

Attendees to the 2004 OLAC Conference were treated to a large and varied selection of poster sessions. If the crowds in the room were any indication, the nine presentations were well-received and much appreciated. Briefly, the sessions were as follows:

"NOAA Video Data Management System -- Library Pilot Project" was presented by Anna Fiolek, NOAA. The aim of this project is to provide the general public with Internet access to the wealth of information contained in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) digital video collection. This presentation included many colorful handouts and a live demonstration designed to promote interest in this fascinating collection, which can be searched here: <http://www.lib.noaa.gov/uhtbin/webcat>. Their poster can be viewed at <http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/OEDV/VDMS_Poster.pdf>.

Emilie Lowenberg and Ellen Katic, Union Catalogue Division, Library and Archives Canada, gave a poster session entitled, "Digital Talking Books and Tactile Illustrations – How on Earth Would You Catalog Them?" Consistency in cataloging materials for this patron group is even more critical than for other patron groups, since patrons with disabilities have additional barriers to overcome in accessing materials. The presenters shared cataloging guidelines that would help ensure this consistency .To explore the AMICUS collection for materials in alternate formats for the disabled, visit: <http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/aaweb/amilogine.htm>. This link will give you the option to use the English or French version of the site.

  1. Union Catalogue in AMICUS : Alternative formats for persons with visual or hearing disabilities (bilingual) (.doc)
  2. Handout: Cataloguing for Access: Materials for Disabled Persons (.doc)
  3. Draft Guidelines for Cataloguing Tactile Materials (.doc)
  4. Union Catalogue Information, Statistics & Contacts (bilingual) (.doc)
With "The SSS: a Simple, Secure Solution for Handling Compact Discs While Retaining the Ability to Browse Jewel Cases by Library of Congress Classification Numbers" presenter Linda Swanson detailed a practical solution to the problem of keeping jewel cases on the shelves in an order that makes sense to the patrons, while keeping the CDs behind the Circulation Desk in an order that ensures they will always be shelved in the right place. Two different classification schemes are employed: Library of Congress classification for the jewel cases and accession numbering for the actual CDs.

Handout (.pdf) or (.doc)

Two catalogers, Susannah Benedetti and Anping Wu, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, presented their experiences with "Integrating Digital Libraries and Traditional Libraries". This poster session explored the foundation and history of the iLumina Digital Library, which can be found here: <http://dl.uncw.edu/>, as well as the challenges involved in crosswalking different metadata and/or cataloging schemes.

Poster Session (.ppt) | Handout (.ppt)

"Beyond Books: Blogs at the University of Minnesota", presented by Staci Traill and Mary Huismann, demonstrated how their Technical Services Department uses blogs to share information among staff distributed across a large university library system. "Beyond Books" is the blog established specifically to deal with issues involving special formats. To learn more about the library’s blog program, visit: <http://blog.lib.umn.edu/>.

PowerPoint Presentation

Librarians at Illinois State University have been working to mount an open URL compliant database of all the ISU faculty research conducted since the institution was founded, as well as biographical information about the faculty researchers. Kate James and Sandy Roe gave an overview of this ambitious undertaking in their presentation. "Integrating 150 Years of Research @ ISU with OpenURLs". This unique resource can be found at: <http://www.mlb.ilstu.edu/test/facpub/home.htm>.

Handout (.pdf)

"Building a Virtual Library Collection through Freely-Accessible Web Sites : Select Web Sites Database at the University of Vermont", was presented by Wichada SuKantarat and Kor Kiley, who explained how the Select Web Sites database was created. Also encompassed were the workflow procedures, resolution of issues and problems, and how this database is being used to support the teaching and learning mission of the university. To visit the Select Web Sites database, go to: <http://libwebdb.uvm.edu/>

PowerPoint Presentation

Kelley McGrath, Ball State University, gave a poster session called, "Media Finders : Expert Search Intermediaries for the Online Catalog". She defined a media finder as "a Web form that serves as a dynamic pathfinder for searching some subset of materials in the OPAC". Media finders can be used by different classes of users to locate difficult-to-find items by utilizing user-friendly interfaces to construct and run complex searches behind the scenes. Examples of media finders are available at: <http://www.bsu.edu/library/librarycatalogs/mediafinders/>.

Handout (.pdf) or (.doc)

"Meeting the New Challenges of Cataloging Electronic Documents for Michigan State University’s Grey Literature Project", presented by Allen Thunell and Lisa Robinson, addressed the cataloging challenges inherent in the cataloging of online PDF documents that have not been commercially published. The presenters also shared a new workflow developed for this project.

Seeing what our colleagues at other institutions are working on in the service of librarianship is always illuminating and thought-provoking. This conference’s poster sessions were no exception.

reported by Jan Mayo
East Carolina University


OLAC ROUND TABLES


ISSUES IN PROVIDING A FRENCH-LANGUAGE CATALOG
IN A NORTH AMERICAN CONTEXT
Moderated by Clément Arsenault
Université de Montréal

Twelve participants were present for this roundtable discussion: all stayed for both the first and second part. This report covers the entire hour and a half time span. Introductions led off the discussion and contributed to the congenial mood.

The first problem with cataloging in French is that 80% of the time, it involves the modification of an English record. Subscription services such as Bookware.com can help with this conversion. When adapting English-language records into French, it is very difficult to transcribe the 5XX notes; this is especially true for video formats, such as DVDs, where the level of specificity is different in the two languages. The translation of English records led to questions about how comfortable a French-speaking cataloger has to be with English. "Very" seemed to be the general consensus around the table. Other translation issues can arise based on the differences between the two languages. For example, with music terms, the English genre term "fantasia" is not translated into French in the French-language cataloging record, but "sonata" is. Name authorities and consistent authority records were also a major point of concern, since Library of Congress and the Bibliothèque Nationale du Canada/du Québec sometimes contradict each other. For example, Russia’s current president is called Poutine in French and Putin in English. Certain libraries in Canada have succeeded in creating a bilingual catalog in order to serve both populations, and it was reported that other libraries are interested in doing so as well.

Participants noted problems with French-language resources and rules from France that do not necessarily apply in the North American context either. They also warned that translations of some North American documents are very flawed and that some, like the Serials Cataloging Cooperative Training Program, are not translated at all. Although the Canadian Library Association of Quebec (l’Association pour l’avancement des sciences et des techniques de la documentation [ASTED]) exists to support North America’s French-language catalogers, there is no equivalent to the JSC. Concerns go directly to ASTED, and it is not certain that there will be open discussion of the problem before a decision is reached. The French-language subject headings are available online, but prescribed rules for the creation of new headings are lacking. Instead, catalogers create new subject headings based on examples in the catalog and what they term "tradition".

The conversation was lively and informed; the participants were enthusiastic and warm. This roundtable was a pleasure to attend both for the quality of the discussion and the good nature of the participants.

reported by Heather Lea Moulaison
Southwest Missouri State University


ISSUES IN HANDLING NON-PRINT MATERIALS
(PROCESSING/SHELVING/HOUSING, ETC.)
Moderated by Lynn Fields
Lewis & Clark Library System

Participants in this round table represented a variety of library settings. The primary discussion points focused on processing, storage (space needs) and security of non-print media. Durability of packaging, placement of security strips and ownership labels, and availability of personnel to handle physical processing of media materials were addressed. Possible storage options were suggested to participants who shared concerns relating to effective arrangement and retrieval of non-print collections. Circulation policies and library handling of media having print or other accompanying material were discussed as well. Overall, the issues covered through this round table indicated strong interest in non-print materials as an integral component of libraries’ collections.
reported by David DeHart
Appalachian State University


ISSUES IN PROVIDING ACCESS TO MATERIALS FOR THE PRINT-IMPAIRED
(BRAILLE, TALKING BOOKS, CAPTIONING, ETC.)
Moderated by Emilie Lowenberg
Library and Archives Canada

Of the small group at this table, most were new to this subject, but what may have lacking in experience was made up for in enthusiasm. Emilie and her colleague, Ellen Katic, responded to a variety of questions, including:
Various topics were raised during this session. For one, there was discussion on improvements in quantity and speed of access to recorded materials because of MP3s. Another issue that arose was the current debate within the visually impaired community as to whether the quality of literacy suffers when blind children rely only on recorded materials and do not learn braille. Useful technology was discussed, which brought out the information that a method exists to convert electronic texts into braille using computer interfaces commonly called "refreshable braille displays" and to output e-text as computer voice audio, using, for example, JAWS.

One participant emphasized the importance of accessible design in Web pages; more information is available at: <http://www.w3.org/WAI/>. Emilie and Ellen described their work at the LAC, coordinating resource sharing efforts among Canadian institutions that catalog alternative format materials. Finally, the table debated the broader topic of whether or not catalogers are putting sufficient information into bibliographic records.
reported by Rebecca Henning
Amherst College


ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF EMERGING METADATA FORMATS IN LIBRARIES
 Moderated by
Guy Teasdale, Bibliothèque de l'Université Laval
Lynne Howarth, University of Toronto

This roundtable group was heavily attended. Most attendees were from libraries in the exploration stage of digital archives and institutional repositories, with a few present that already have digital archives and institutional repositories. There was discussion on how the institutions with digital archives and institutional repositories achieved that goal and what they learned getting to it. There was discussion of what software base people were using, such as D-Space, ContentDM and locally-created databases. Also of great interest were the critical components of planning: cooperation between programmers and metadata creators (catalogers), OAI compliance and contribution, and awareness of just how much and how quickly an institution can use up server space.

This was a rich discussion. It is likely that many of the attendees whose institutions are now in the exploration or development stage, will be reporting at OLAC 2006 on their completed digital archives and institutional repositoriest.

reported by Ruth Roazen
Northern Arizona University


ISSUES IN CONSERVATION OF NON-PRINT MATERIALS
 Moderated by Kevin Furniss
Denison University

Kevin started the discussion off by pointing out the distinction between the term "conservation" and "preservation". He noted that "conservation" has to do with the preserving the physical item, itself (i.e., the physical treatment of the object, such as cassette or eight-track). The term "preservation" focuses on the information contained within or on the physical item. The group noted that in general it is much easier to conserve rather than preserve, but that when a particular medium becomes obsolete, the material contained within it is often inaccessible.

Kevin asked members of the roundtable if their institutions had a preservation policy. This led to a discussion about which types of materials were holding up well and which were not. Several people gave descriptions of their libraries’ attempts to preserve materials, e.g., by digitizing historic materials or making tape copies for students/patrons to use, while retaining a master copy. It was also noted that many libraries try a "damage control" approach. Lynn Fahey (Trinity College Library) mentioned their attempts to educate patrons about proper care of materials. The cost-effectiveness of repair versus replacement was also discussed, as well as training of staff in preservation techniques.

The issue of longevity of materials was also discussed at length. It was generally agreed that tapes have a known life expectancy, while CD and DVD formats are still too new to estimate. Mary Konkel (College of DuPage Library) commented that DVDs are not holding up as well as VHS; DVDs tend to get thrown around and are easily scratched, while more care seems to be given to VHS. Others commented that due to the extremely low quality of certain brands, security strips did not read properly on these items. Kevin mentioned that, with text-based material, microfilm and microform are incredibly long lasting.

Funding for preservation was also discussed with particular focus on whether preservation was pro-actively funded or instead funded after a crisis. The group talked about emergency plans, insurance of materials, and offered ideas for raising funding for preservation through Friends of the Library groups and grants to preserve gifts collections.

Finally, Kevin recommended a report from the Council of Library and Information Resources (CLIR) entitled, The State of Preservation Programs in American College and Research Libraries: Building a Common Understanding and Action Agenda, by Anne R. Kenney and Deirdre C. Stam. (December 2002). Kevin highlighted some key parts of this survey for the group. For the complete report see: <http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub111/contents.html>. Other relevant reports and valuable information can be found at CLIR’s Website: <http://www.clir.org/>
reported by Lauren Noel
Columbia College


BIRDS OF A FEATHER SESSIONS
This concept was new to the OLAC conferences.
The report presented here is representative of the types of discussions that took place.

GROUP 5: VISUAL MATERIALS
Moderated by Robert Freeborn

Participants arrived eager to discuss topics of interest with colleagues. Even before the session officially began, attendees were discussing the challenge of handling foreign language visual materials in SIRSI.

After attendees introduced themselves, Robert Freeborn emphasized that this was an informal session that would be directed by the interests of the attendees. As an example, he referred to ways of finding Spanish language films in SIRSI. LCSH cannot give you the language, since LC does not catalog videos. His library is considering adding a local 655. Another possibility might be to include a country code in your classification number. Another consideration would be to expand subject access with local subject headings, but he advocated caution if adopting this approach.

During the following hour, attendees introduced and discussed a number of topics, including: Almost everyone in attendance was either expecting to migrate to a new ILS soon or had recently done so. Change is indeed constant, and a session such as this is an opportunity to discuss these changes in an informal setting.

reported by Linda Swanson
Concordia College


SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENT REPORT


OLAC BIENNIAL CONFERENCE 2004
 Jaime Anderson
County of Henrico Public Library

Thank you for allowing me the privilege of attending OLAC 2004, an opportunity I would not have been able to take advantage of without the scholarship. I returned to my institution with knowledge in three main areas: cataloging, colleagues, and culture.

I attended one of the tours of the amazing Bibliotheque du Quebec. Learning about the architecture, services, and goals of this Library was a wonderful experience. In the public library system where I work, we are about to open two new libraries in 2006. I never knew how many details and decisions had to be made and considered thoroughly before opening a new building.

I enjoyed the keynote address on FRBR, a topic about which I had no understanding before the Conference. The idea of displaying similar items in the catalog in a hierarchical model is quite appealing. I also appreciated hearing comments and concerns from audience members. I am excited that the future of the GMD is under discussion. If the session I attended is any indication, there will be creative and diverse approaches to this challenge in no time! Jay Weitz’s videorecordings workshop provided some much-needed practical tips for me. I enjoyed going over records, tag by tag, and discussing trends and problems. The information I soaked up will be invaluable for my day-to-day cataloging of this format. Cataloging Electronic Resources is not something I have much experience in, but thanks to this workshop I came away with an entry-level understanding of this complex area. The genre/form terms workshop provided extremely helpful information. My library has recently turned on authority control for the 655 and we have been struggling with it ever since. Robert Maxwell went over some of the decisions that need to be made if a library wants to control headings for the 655, including where the authority records would come from and what thesauri can be used. Looking at some hands-on examples and hearing one library’s methodology made me realize that my library can do it too!

The Conference also allowed me to mingle with catalogers across not one, but multiple, countries. There is truly nothing better than being among like-minded professionals. The Conference location exposed me to a culture and country that I had not previously known. I enjoyed beautiful Montreal immensely, along with meeting local residents, visiting McGill University and the McCord Museum, and learning about Library and Archives Canada in Anne Draper’s showcase session. OLAC is obviously a valuable association in which to be involved. I returned to work with a stronger sense of A/V cataloging, and shared the knowledge with my colleagues.

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Last updated: June 22, 2005
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