• What is history? What is historiography?
History is not the past, history does not stand still, history is never finished -- it is who we are today.  From an advertisement for Reviews in American History.
• Quotes from Barlett's Familiar Quotations
Writers the most learned, the most accurate in details, and the soundest in tendency, frequently fall into a habit which can neither be cured nor pardoned -- the habit of making history into the proof of their theories. -- Lord Acton 521:8

Faithfulness to the truth of history involves far more than a research; however patient and scrupulous into special facts.  Such facts may be detailed with the most minute exactness, and yet the narrative, taken as a whole, may be unmeaning or untrue.  The narrator must seek to imbue himself with the life and spirit of the time.  He must study events in their bearings near and remote; in the character, habits, and manners of those who took part in them.  He must himself be, as it were, a sharer or a spectator of the action he describes.  -- Francis Parkman 503:5
• Quotes from The International Thesaurus of Quotations
The historian must not try to know what is truth, if he values his honesty; for, if he cares for his truths, he is certain to falsify his facts.  -- Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1907), p. 31.

For additional quotes with a historical focus see:
The Meaning of History: A Dictionary of Quotations.  1991.  Lockwood Reference Collection D9.C37 1991.  Also interesting are the "history" quotations collected in vol. 19, Social Science Quotations of the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Lockwood Reference Collection H41.I6.

I.  Book Reviews and Historiographical Articles

In scholarly journals book reviews are generally a discussion of the merits of an argument and a comparison of the text with its competitors and complementary texts.  Often such a review will include a detailed description of the thesis of the work and a consideration of its methodological merits. Collecting multiple reviews of a text, presumably from journals with differing methodological and ideological approaches -- or at least foci -- often will place a text within a historiographical context.  Not all reviews are equal in seriousness or in comprehensiveness, for instance, texts reviewed in The New York Review of Books (consult the catalog for current and microform availability, some online at http://www.nybooks.com/) and the The Time Literary Supplement (consult the catalog for current and microform availability, some online at http://www.the-tls.co.uk/subscribe/non_subscribers.asp) are generally given a full summary of argument or story as well as other comment.  And the simple inclusion in the book review pages of some journals is -- in itself -- testimony to a work's importance -- even if a poor review is received.  One can never be totally certain where a valuable review will be found, but there are likely places to look and these places are covered in the following indexes.

    America: History and Life.  America: History and Life indexes the literature about the history of the United States and Canada. See Historical Abstracts for indexing of world history. Citations lead to and abstracts for the contents of over 2,000 scholarly journals, dissertations, and book and media reviews from over 100 key historical journals. Also includes full text articles from The History Cooperative, Project Muse, and  JSTOR. Searchable online at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/amerhist.html

    JSTOR.  JSTOR (Journal STORage) presents the full text, in facsimile form, of the complete back files of important scholarly journals, generally from the first volume through issues published prior to the most recent three years. Current issues are not available in JSTOR. Among historical journals covered are: American Historical Review, American Quarterly, History and Theory, Journal of American History, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Journal of Negro History, Journal of Southern History, New England Quarterly, Reviews in American History, and William and Mary Quarterly.  JSTOR is continually expanding and presently covers the following disciplines: Searchable online at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/jstor.html

    Project MUSE:  Project Muse provides full-text online editions of over 100 scholarly journals in the Humanities and Social Sciences that are published by The Johns Hopkins University Press and other scholarly publishers. Searchers can conduct queries across all included journals, or choose selected or individual journals. Among history journals included are: Social Science History, Reviews in American History, Journal of Women’s History, Journal of Social History, Journal of Policy History, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Journal of he History of Ideas, Journal of Cold War Studies, Journal of Asian American Studies, Hispanic American Historical review, Ethnohistory, American Quarterly, and American Jewish History.  Searchable online at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/muse.html

    Periodical Contents Index or PCI.  PCI Full Text indexes over 3,000 academic and popular periodicals published  from as early as 1770 to the present in the humanities and social sciences.   Full-text images are available for over 100 journals. Searchable online at: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/pci.html

    Philosopher's Index indexes 480 philosophy journals published in nearly 40 nations as well as books and chapters in books.  A descriptor search on "historiography" retireves over 500 citations.  History and Theory is among the journals indexed, but historiographical articles of a theoretical bent appear in a wide spectrum of philosophy journals not covered in either America: History and Life or Historical Abstracts.  Searchable online at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/pi.html

While these standard academic indices are especially useful for historians, do not neglect PA Research II and InfoTrac.OneFile Just about every index will identify book reviews and a useful guide to a wide range of book review sources is Book Reviews: A Guide to Selected Resources, available at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/Collections/docs/bkreview.html

For many years American historians were served by the recurrent bibliography Writings on American History.  This resource was complemented by Recently Published Articles of the American Historical Review and the Journal of American History's Recent Scholarship.  Now Recent Scholarship Online (RSO) is a searchable, cumulative database.  RSO begins with the      June 2000 issue of the JAH and already has more than 13,000 citations from hundreds of history-related publications. It is available  for members-only.  Search it at: http://www.oah.org/rs/

WAH can be useful on a variety of levels, from a simple source for finding citations to an object of study in its own right.  WAH is useful historiographically because its topically classified bibliography captures work in chronological capsules under headings which themselves have changed over time.

II.  Knowing the Historian Whose Work You Are Studying

For a general guide to biographical sources use Biographical Information at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/cgi-test/title.cgi?sortby=subject&ampsubject=Biographical+Informationnbsp The sources listed below are not all listed in the above.

The standard source for identifying information on "contemporary" authors is Contemporary Authors; however, depth of coverage is uneven.

    Contemporary Authors.  Searchable online at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/ugl/e-resources/authors.html

For scholars working today, the best source is the newly published Directory of American Scholars.  This source went many years without updating.  This is a “who’swho” type of publication.

    Directory of American Scholars.  2002.  Lockwood Reference Collection LA2311.D57 2002

Some of the most useful extended essays on American historians and historiography are found in the sources listed below.  These essays are extended treatments, often offering bibliographic suggestions, either lists of an author's major works, and sometimes critical comment.  The six citations below are for volumes published in the multi-volume Dictionary of Literary Biography.  This source is also searchable as a full text online resource.

    Dictionary of Literary Biography.  Full-text access to over 9,000 critical and biographical essays on British and American authors from all eras and genres. Personal information: birth/death dates, nationality/ethnicity, principal genres, awards, family history, and some entries include an author portrait. Principal Works: a list of the author's most important writings. Further Readings about the Author: a list of additional writings, published interviews, biographies, and a bibliography of writings about the author.  Searchable at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/dlb.html
 

    American Historians, 1607-1865.  1984.  Lockwood Reference Collection PS128.D5 v.30
    American Historians, 1866-1912.  1986.  Lockwood Reference Collection PS128.D5 v.47
    Twentieth-Century American Historians.  1983.  Lockwood Reference Collection PS128.D5  v.17

See also:
    American Literary Biographies.  1991.  Lockwood Reference Collection PS128.D5 v.130
    American Literary Critics and Scholars, 1800-1850.  1987.  Lockwood Reference Collection PS128.D5 v.59
    American Literary Critics and Scholars.  1988.  Lockwood Reference Collection PS128.D5 v.64

Biographical dictionaries with a broad coverage, which includes American historians, are:

    Great Historians from Antiquity to 1800: An International Dictionary.  1989.  Lockwood Reference Collection D14.G74 1989
    Great Historians of the Modern Age: An International Dictionary.  1991.  Lockwood Reference Collection D14.G75 1991
    The Blackwell Dictionary of Historians.  1988.  Lockwood Reference Collection D14.B58 1988
    A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing. 2 vols.  Lockwood Reference Collection D13.G47 1998

If researching a woman historian or an African-American historian use such sources as:
    American Women Historians, 1700s-1990s: A Biographical Dictionary.  1996.  Lockwood Reference Collection E175.45.S27 1996

As the memories of their time, historians are important members of their societies and are always included in a nation's major biographical sets.  For the United States, the most major  sets are the Dictionary of American Biography and the American National Biography. Comparing the essays in each against one another can itself be an interesting historiographical exercise.  Different aspects of a subject’s life are sometimes emphasized – this may be because new materials have been discovered, but also because new interpretations and concerns have emerged.

    Dictionary of American Biography (DAB.  1928-1958.  Lockwood Reference Collection E176.D56 1964.  Also available on CD-ROM at Lockwood Reference CD-ROM E176.D554 1998
    American National Biography. 1999.  Lockwood Reference Collection CT213.H68 1999.  It is possible to excute an online search that will "isolate" entries for historians.  Searchable online at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/lml/e-resources/anbio.html

     The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 18, Biographical Supplememnt covers some historians.  Entries are analytical and conclude with bibliography of the biographee's works and, sometimes, critical materials.  Among historians covered are: Hannah Arendt, Fernand Braudel, Richard Hofstadter, and Lewis U. Hanke.  Lockwood Reference Collection H41.I6.

In addition to these two major national sources, there are many biographical sets defined by gender or racial/ethnic group.  Among these are Notable American Women and The Dictionary of American Negro Biography.  There are also several huge aggregations of biographical dictionaries that have been preserved in microform.

The papers of America's historians are often preserved in the archives of the institutions at which they taught, in national repositories, or in the records of the organizations which they served.  Therefore, when searching for a historian's papers always check with the appropriate archives  These repositories -- as well as others that are online -- may be found by using Ready, 'Net, Go!, searchable online at http://www.tulane.edu/~lmiller/ArchivesResources.html.  Also, always consult ArchivesUSA at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/archives/e-resources/archivesusa.html. ArchivesUSA isa database that provides information on primary source materials from over 4,800 archival and manuscript repositories in the United States. It draws from three major information sources: the Directory of Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the United States (DAMRUS), the National Union Catalogue of Manuscript Collections (NUCMC), and the National Inventory of Documentory Sources in the United States (NIDS).  For example, a search for anything concerning Frederick Jackson Turner retrieved 12 records (which may include from one to hundreds of pieces per record); while one on Charles Beard retrieved 61.

III.  (For Advanced Researchers) Citation Analysis: Uncovering Patterns of Influence

To discover who the historian you're studying is citing or who is citing him/her use the citation indexes (social sciences and arts and humanities) in the Institute for Scientific Information's Web of Science.  For a specific number of years these sources make available the citations in core journals across a wide spectrum of disciplines.  The citation that takes place in monographs is not captured, since only a set group of journals are covered.  However, all footnotes are represented and one can determine, for instance, the frequrncy with which Das Kapital is cited.  Before you begin searching, consult the introduction/help.

IV.  (For Advanced Researchers) Determining the Prominence of a Specific Journal

Knowing which journals are most often cited in relation to like journals will offer a sense of the prominence of a particular topic or mode of inquiry during a given time. This is because some journals have a pronounced topical or methodological focus.  The Institute for Scientific Information's Journal Citation Reports (JCR), provide this information. Be sure to select JCR Social Science Edition and, on the right, Group of Journals by Subject, then select History.  Other choices include Area Studies, History and Philosophy of Science, and History of Social Science.  You can also construct sets of journals for comparative analysis.  Before using JCR, consult the online help.

V.  Dissertations Supervised

Presumably the dissertations a scholar has supervised will reflect his or her methodological approaches and perspectives.  While one can certainly find dissertations on historiographical topics, one can also search for disserartatuons supervised by a specific scholar.  This can be done easily using Digital Dissertations. Enter the name of the advising scholar in a query box after defining it for the Adviser field.  For instance, a search for the University at Buffalo's Michael Frisch as an adviser retrieves 15 dissertations.

VI. Reference Books Reflect Change

The existence of certain types of reference books and what is included in them, or in their essays, can be excellent specimens for historiographical analysis. Reference sources may be compared across varying approaches or concerns or across time.  For instance, study the interpretations in the New Catholic Encyclopedia and Encyclopaedia Judaica on the same topic or the essay on Thomas Jefferson in the Dictionary of American Biography and the American National Biography.  Such comparisons are similar to studying textbooks across time.

Bibliographic sources such as editions of the Guide to Historical Literature may be studies to determine which works continue to deserve citation and which are no longer recommended.  Some books persistent in importance, while others do not.

VII.  Historiographical Definitions and Overviews

While general encyclopedias such as Encyclopedia and Britannica (available online at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/ugl/e-resources/eb.html) may well be useful to you, they serve a different purpose than the sources listed below.  These special topical encyclopedias are intended to introduce and define a discipline for scholars and students.

    Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.  15 vols.  1930-1935. Lockwood Reference Collection H41.E6
    International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.  26 vols.  1968-1991. Be sure to consult the biographical volume for brief biographies on some major historians.  Lockwood Reference Collection H41.I6
    International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.  26 vols.  2001.  Lockwood Reference Collection H41.I58 2001

The language of historiography is defined in Harry Ritter’s

    Dictionary of Concepts in History.  1986.  Lockwood Book Collection and Undergraduate Reference Collection D13.R49 1986

The evolution of historical thought is traced in:

    Dictionary of the History of Ideas.  5 vols.  1973-1964. Lockwood and Undergraduate Library Reference Collections CB5.D52

In addition, specialized encyclopedias on the full range of topics and disciplines may be useful.  What you are studying – or the approach you are taking --will determine what you use.  Assume that just about any major topic – and certainly every discipline – is served by such sources.  The work cited below indexes the essays in many of these works.  It will be of some use, but don’t rely on itsoely.

    Subject Encyclopedias: User Guide, Review Citations, and Keyword Index.  2 vols.  1999.   Lockwood Reference Desk AE1.M57 1999

VIII. The History of the American Historical Association and the Addresses of Its Presidents and Addresses of the Presidents of the Organization of American Historians

A brief history of the American Historical Association is available at http://www.theaha.org/info/AHA_History/History.htm.  The piece ends with a list of references.  The addresses of AHA presidents may be accessed full text by name or by date from this site.  They are a quick way to gain a sensitivity to evolving historical concerns within the American historical profession.

For the presidential addresses of the Organization of American Historians search JSTOR.  Restrict your searching to the Journal of American History and enter presidential addresses as a full-text entry.

IX.  Historical Associations and History Departments

The two major historical associations applicable to students of American history are the American Historical Association <http://www.theaha.org/> and the Organization of American Historians <http://www.oah.org/>.  The former is the umbrella organization for all historians practicing in the United States and the latter, the association focused on the history of the nation.  But there are many other historical organizations.

In fact, the diversity of historical associations testifies to the tremendous diversity of interests and approaches to the study and writing of history.  Some associations have a geographic focus, while others are methodological or thematic.  Among the most useful sources for identifying these organizations are Directory of History Departments, Historical Organizations, and Historians. Associations Unlimited, and Scholarly Societies Project.  When runs of these, or similar sources, are held, one can use them to trace the "changes" and evolution of the studied body.

The primary guide to historical organizations is published by the American Historical Association.  It gives faculty members, their specilaizations, educational background, and also lists currently awarded doctorates, with dissertation titles.  The section on historical organizations provides detailed paragraphs on the collections and libraries, programs, publications, and fellowships and awards of the listed organization.  A list of professional staff, with their educational backgrounds and areas of specialization, is included.

Directory of History Departments, Historical Organizations, and Historians.  27th ed.  Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 2001/02-  Lockwood Reference Collection
D16.3.G83, older editions beginning with the superseding of this edition will be housed in the Lockwood Book Collection.  Aslo available in condensed form at: http://www.theaha.org/pubs/directory/index.cfm

Continues Directory of History Departments and Organizations in the United States and Canada.  Published 1990-2000 and available as D16.3.G83, 20th (1994/95) - 26th (2000/01) housed in Lockwood Book Collection and 16th (1990/91) - 19th (1993/94) housed in Storage.

To search Associations Unlimited for a list of historical organizations enter History in the Subject Descriptor query box and Cultural Organizations in the Subject Category query box.  Entries retrieved include contact information, budget and membership figures, meeting information, and a listing of the organization's publications.

For a list of major scholarly historical associations worldwide, search the University of Waterloo's Scholarly Societies Project, the history component.  This resource is a listing of the URLs for included organizations.

Often the Web site of a history department will list resources useful for its faculty and students.  Further, if you wish to have a sense of the nature of the department within which your historian author works, the Web site of his/her department may be useful.  For a hyperlinked listing of history departments around the world, use the Center for History and New Media's Guide to History Departments Around the World.

X.  Guides to Historical Writing

What are the most important books and articles to read on a given topic?  Several magisterial historical guides seek to answer this question; two are relatively current: the most recent AHA Guide and The Harvard Guide to African American History.

Historical Studies, Including the History of the United States
    American Historical Association. Guide to Historical Literature.  1931.  Lockwood Book Collection Z6201.G94
    American Historical Association.  Guide to Historical Literature.  1961.  Lockwood Reference Collection D20.A63
    American Historical Association.  Guide to Historical Literature.  2 vols. 1995.  See especially vol. 1 “Theory and Practice in Historical Study,” pp. 1-32.  Lockwood Reference Collection D20.A55 1995

United States History
    The Harvard Guide to American History.  1954.  Lockwood Book Collection Z1236.H27
    The Harvard Guide to American History.  1967.  Lockwood Book Collection Z1236.H27 1967
    The Harvard Guide to American History.  1974.  Lockwood Reference Collection Z1236.H27 1974

African-American History
    The Harvard Guide to African-American History.  2001.  Lockwood Reference Collection E185.H326 2001

XI. Using the Online Catalog to Find Historiographical Writings

Search for this books by executing keyword searches which include the term historiography restricted to the subject field of the bibliographic record -- historiography.su. and the topic in which you are interested.  For instance, k=historiography.su.. and civil war.su. or k=historiography.su. and women.su.

In addition, you should also do a subject search on historiography.  Below are examples of subject headings from our online catalog.

Historiography --                                             Historians--
   Bibliography                                                    Bio Bibliography
   Case Studies                                                    Biography—Dictionaries
   Collected Works                                               United States
   Congresses                                                      United States—Attitudes
   Dictionaries                                                     United States—Biography
   Handbooks Manuals Etc                                  United States—Congresses
   History                                                             United States—Correspondence
   History—Periodicals                                         United States—Diaries
   Periodicals                                                        United States—Fiction
   Philosophy                                                       United States—History
   Political Aspects                                               United States—Interviews
   United States                                                   United States--Periodicals

History--
   Philosophy
   Philosophy--Bibliography
   Philosophy—Collected Works
   Philosophy—Collections
   Philosophy—History—16th Century
   Philosophy--Periodicals
 

XII. The Diversity of History Journals Itself Is A Historiographical Indicator

Consider the diversity of historical journals.  To identify historical journals use:

    Magazines for Libraries: For the General Reader and School, Junior College, College, University, and Public Libraries.  2000.  Lockwood Reference Collection Z6941.K2 2000
    Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory.  40th edition.  2002.  Lockwood Reference Collection Z6941.U52.  Searchable online at http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/cts/e-resources/ulrichs.html

Journals that have a particular historiographical focus include: the Journal of Interdiscilinary History, History and Theory, Journal of the History of Ideas, and Storia della Storiografia.  The emphasis, of course, is not exclusively – or even primarily – on American history.  Americanists should become familiar with Reviews in American History. The Journal of American History will often publish historiographical articles.  Also, be sure to use the index/abstract America: History and Life, but flipping through journals can also be interesting and suggestive.

The most major journals are published by associations, such as the American Historical Association (American Historical Review, http://www.jstor.org/journals/00028762.htmland http://www.historycooperative.org/ahrindex.html) and the Organization of American Historians (Journal of American History, http://www.jstor.org/journals/00218723.html and http://www.historycooperative.org/jahindex.html), and -- in addition to journals -- these associations publish newsletters.  Because of their content, studied over time, these newsletters will reveal the evolution and change of themes and topics of study as well as the changing nature of the profession itself.  The newsletters of the AHA and OAH regularly carry pedagaogiucxal articles, extensive and detailed lists of positions open, and obituaries.  Topics of particular concern to the profession are covered as they arise as is the demographic composition of the pool of historians and the prospects for employment and salary.

Perspectives.   The Newsletter of the American Historical Association.  Originally published as the AHA Newsletter and available vol 1, no. 1 (December 1962) - vol. 20, no. 5 (May/June 1982) as Per. E172.A5 and in microfilm as MicFilm E172.A43 and from vol. 22, no. 3 (March 1984) forward as Per E172.A57.  Searchable and viewable online from vol. 33, 1995 onwards.  http://www.theaha.org/perspectives/

OAH Newsletter.  The Newsletter of the Organization of American Historians.  Available in mirofiche as MicFiche E171.)73, vol. 10 (1982) - vol. 29 (2001).  Searchable and viewable online beginning with vol. 23, no. 4 (November 1995). http://www.oah.org/pubs/nl/index.html

XIII.  The Ways Others See Us: Foreign Perspectives on American History

Although dated, the most useful source for studying the ways in which American history is studied in other nations is:

Guide to the Study of United States History Outside the U.S., 1945-1980.  Edited by Lewis Hanke with the assistance of many historians in many lands; sponsored by the American  Historical Association & the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.  White Plains, New York: Kraus International Publications, 1985.  5 vols.  Lockwood Reference Collection E175.8.G85.1985

This work features essays on the states of the study of American history in many nations and also notes the manuscript sources in these nations for its study.Volumes IV and V are annotated bibliographies, arranged topically and chronologically.  Many of the works cited are not in English, but their annotations are.

An ongoing montoring of foreign writing on American history is provided by the Recent Publications recurrent bibliography of the Journal of American History.  This JAH database is searchable online.

Russo, David J., Jon L. Wakelyn. American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation.  Westport, Conn.: Prageer, 2000.  Lockwood Book Collection E179.R97.2000

XIV. Some Books (in whole or in part) on the Historiography of American History

    Appleby, Joyce Oldham, et al..  Telling the Truth About History.  New York: Norton, 1994.  Undergraduate Reserve E175.A67 1994
    Carnes, Mark C., ed.  Novel History: Historians and Noveliusts Confront America's Past (and    each other).  New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.  Lockwood Book Collection PS374.H5N68.2001
    Davidson, James West. After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection.  New York: Knopf, 1982.  Lockwood and Undergraduate Book Collections E175.D38 1982
    FitzGerald, Frances. America Revised: History Schoolbooks in the Twentieth Century.  Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.  Undergraduate Reserve and Lockwood Book Collection E175.85.F57
    Fitzpatrick, Ellen F.  History's Memory: Writing America's Past, 1880-1980.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.  Lockwood Book Collection E175.F58.2002
    Foner, Eric.  For the American Historical Association. The New American History.  Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.  Lockwood Book Collection E175.N53 1990
    Glassberg, David. Sense of History: The Place of the Past in American Life.  Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.  Lockwood Book Collection E175.9.G58.2001
    Hofstadter, Richard. The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington.  New York: Knopf, 1968.  Undergraduate Reserve E175.45.H6
    Iggers, Georg G. and Parker, Harold T., eds. International Handbook of Historical Studies: Contemporary Research and Theory.  Westport: Greenwood Press, 1979.  Lockwood Book Collection D13.I62
    Kammen, Michael.  For the American Historical Association.  The Past Before Us: Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.  Lockwood Book Collection D13.P36
    Kraus, Michael and Joyce, Davis D.  The Writing of American History.  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985.  Undergraduate Reserve E175.K75 1985
    Molho, Anthony and Gordon S. Wood, eds. Imagined Histories: American Historians Interpret the Past.  Princenton: Princeton University Press, 1998.  Lockwood Book Collection D13.5.U6I57.1998
    Novick, Peter. The Noble Dream: The “Objectivity Question” and the American Historical Profession.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.  Undergraduate Reserve D13.5.U6N68 1988
    Rutland, Robert Allen, ed.  Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945-2000.  Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000.
    Stern, Fritz Richard. The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present.  New York: Meridian Books, 1956.  Lockwood Book Collection D13.S82
    Woodward, C. Vann. The Future of the Past.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.  Lockwood Book Collection E175.5.W66A2 1989

XV.  The Historical Monograph in the Electronic Age

Robert Darnton -- Princeton University historian, specialist in book history, and past American Historical Association president -- has led the way in thinking about the ways in which e-books can lead to different forms of historical communication.  Through his leadership, AHA has established a program of turning exceptional dissertations into e-books,  Gutenberg-e http://www.theaha.org/prizes/gutenberg/  His thoughts on this are presented in his brief essay A Historian of Books,  Lost and Found in Cyberspace http://www.theaha.org/prizes/gutenberg/rdarnton.cfm.  Search our catalog using Gutenberg-e as a title for a list of monographs available.  See also his New York Review of Books (18 March 1999) article, The New Age of the Book, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/546
Darnton provides a personal example of his suggestions in his AHA presidential address published in the American Historical Review, vol. 105, no. 1, An Early Information Society: News and Media in Eighteenth-Century Paris, http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/105.1/ah000001.html

XVI.  The World Wide Web and Book TV

Some Web resources  especially useful for students of American history historiography are:

    Eliohs.  “This electronic library is designed to supply in electronic form the full text of classics of historiography, works of methodology, theory and philosophy of history, key works of the historiographical debates, classics of historical erudition, travel literature, historical narratives of the rise and development of particular sciences, arts or techniques, literary works of historiographical relevance, handbooks of history for schools and universities.”.  Searchable online at http://www.eliohs.unifi.it/eliohs_eng/index.html

    Voice of the Shuttle, University of California - Santa Barbara, lists many valuable links, largely European, under the heading Historiography (Philosophy and Methodology of History).  Searchable online at: http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2713#id1325

    American Hypertexts, produced at the University of Virginia, offers the full texts of: Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, Frederick Lewis Allen Only Yesterday, Alexis de Tocquevile Democracy in America, and Frederick Jackson Turner The Frontier in American History.  Searchable online at: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/hypertex.html

    Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Studying History, Fordham University, lists links to the full text of many major historiograpohical works under the headings: Writing History, Ancient Theories, 19th Century Philosophies of History, Professional Theories, History and Epistemology, History and Anthropology, History and Identity Politics, Post-Modern Theories, and Miscellaneous Discussions (among contributors are C. Vann Woodward, David Lowenthal, Lynne V.Cheney, Natalie Zemon Davis , and Samuel P. Huntington).  Searcahble online at: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook01.html

    National Standards for History (1996).  "The development of the History Standards was administered by the National Center for History in the Schools at the University of California, Los Angeles under the guidance of the National Council for History Standards. The standards were developed with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the U.S. Department of Education."  Searchable online at: ttp://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/standards/

    Book TV.  “Each weekend, Book TV features 48 hours of nonfiction books from 8am Saturday to 8am Monday. This web site will enhance information on those books, provide an opportunity to watch or listen to programs you might have missed, and provide additional information not available on the network “ Of course, you can watch Book TV on CSpann-2, there is a heavy emphasis on history books.  Book TV offers an opportunity to “see” the people whose work you may be reading – once you’ve seen an author discuss his or her work  you’ll have special insights into it.  Book TV is a wonderful aid to staying current with contemporary non-fiction writing.  Search http://www.booktv.org/history/.  You can watch many of the programs on your computer, visit: http://www.booktv.org/history/  And you can buy tapes of the programs – for your own work or for instructional purposes, visit: http://www.c-spanstore.com/c-spanstore/history.html